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In this paper, we show that processor events like instruction counts or cache misses can be used to accurately estimate the processing energy of software video decoders. Therefore, we perform energy measurements on an ARM-based evaluation…
HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is a widely adopted method for delivering video content over the Internet, requiring each video to be encoded at multiple bitrates and resolution pairs, known as representations, to adapt to various network…
This paper investigates the energy consumption of video encoding for high dynamic range videos. Specifically, we compare the energy consumption of the compression process using 10-bit input sequences, a tone-mapped 8-bit input sequence at…
The rapid development of multimedia and communication technology has resulted in an urgent need for high-quality video streaming. However, robust video streaming under fluctuating network conditions and heterogeneous client computing…
The upcoming video coding standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC), has shown great improvement compared to its predecessor, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), in terms of bitrate saving. Despite its substantial performance, compressed…
In streaming media services, video transcoding is a common practice to alleviate bandwidth demands. Unfortunately, traditional methods employing a uniform rate factor (RF) across all videos often result in significant inefficiencies.…
Video streaming often requires transcoding content into different resolutions and bitrates to match the recipient's internet speed and screen capabilities. Video encoders like x264 offer various presets, each with different tradeoffs…
The adoption of video conferencing and video communication services, accelerated by COVID-19, has driven a rapid increase in video data traffic. The demand for higher resolutions and quality, the need for immersive video formats, and the…
Providing quality-constant streams can simultaneously guarantee user experience and prevent wasting bit-rate. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning based two-pass encoder parameter prediction framework to decide rate factor (RF),…
Recently, HTTP-Based Adaptive Streaming has become the de facto standard for video streaming over the Internet. It allows the client to adapt media characteristics to varying network conditions in order to maximize Quality of Experience…
We present a straightforward, non-intrusive adaptive bit rate streaming segment quality selection policy which aims at extending battery lifetime during playback while limiting the impact on the user's quality of experience, thus benefiting…
HTTP video streaming is in wide use to deliver video over the Internet. With HTTP adaptive steaming, a video playback dynamically selects a video stream from a pre-encoded representation based on available bandwidth and viewport (screen)…
Recent deep-learning-based video compression methods brought coding gains over conventional codecs such as AVC and HEVC. However, learning-based codecs generally require considerable computation time and model complexity. In this paper, we…
In recent studies, it could be shown that the energy demand of Versatile Video Coding (VVC) decoders can be twice as high as comparable High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) decoders. A significant part of this increase in complexity is…
This paper presents a method to accurately estimate the required decoding energy for a given HEVC software decoding solution. We show that the decoder's processing time as returned by common C++ and UNIX functions is a highly suitable…
A big part of the video content we consume from video providers consists of genres featuring low-light aesthetics. Low light sequences have special characteristics, such as spatio-temporal varying acquisition noise and light flickering,…
In recent years, the global use of online video services has increased rapidly. Today, a manifold of applications, such as video streaming, video conferencing, live broadcasting, and social networks, make use of this technology. A recent…
Adaptive video streaming is a key enabler for optimising the delivery of offline encoded video content. The research focus to date has been on optimisation, based solely on rate-quality curves. This paper adds an additional dimension, the…
We investigate incentives for reducing the carbon emissions of video streaming that depend on the energy consumption of segments in the end-to-end video delivery path, the carbon intensity, and the user type, i.e., quality-sensitive and…
In recent years, the task of video prediction-forecasting future video given past video frames-has attracted attention in the research community. In this paper we propose a novel approach to this problem with Vector Quantized Variational…