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Jailbreak attacks pose a serious threat to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) by crafting adversarial prompts that bypass alignment mechanisms, causing the models to produce harmful, restricted, or biased content. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Xiangman Li , Xiaodong Wu , Qi Li , Jianbing Ni , Rongxing Lu

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), the safety of LLMs has been a critical concern requiring precise assessment. Current benchmarks primarily concentrate on single-turn dialogues or a single jailbreak attack method…

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advancements and are now widely used across various domains. Unfortunately, there has been a rising concern that LLMs can be misused to generate harmful or malicious content.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Bochuan Cao , Yuanpu Cao , Lu Lin , Jinghui Chen

We study a new vulnerability in commercial-scale safety-aligned large language models (LLMs): their refusal to generate harmful responses can be broken by flipping only a few bits in model parameters. Our attack jailbreaks billion-parameter…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Zachary Coalson , Jeonghyun Woo , Chris S. Lin , Joyce Qu , Yu Sun , Shiyang Chen , Lishan Yang , Gururaj Saileshwar , Prashant Nair , Bo Fang , Sanghyun Hong

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has underscored concerns regarding their security vulnerabilities, notably against jailbreak attacks, where adversaries design jailbreak prompts to circumvent safety mechanisms for potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yingchaojie Feng , Zhizhang Chen , Zhining Kang , Sijia Wang , Haoyu Tian , Wei Zhang , Minfeng Zhu , Wei Chen

Despite extensive safety alignment efforts, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit harmful behavior. While existing studies predominantly focus on attack methods that require technical expertise, two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yik Siu Chan , Narutatsu Ri , Yuxin Xiao , Marzyeh Ghassemi

As Spoken Language Models (SLMs) integrate speech and text modalities, they inherit the safety vulnerabilities of their LLM backbone and an expanded attack surface. SLMs have been previously shown to be susceptible to jailbreaking, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Aravind Krishnan , Karolina Stańczak , Dietrich Klakow

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, raising concerns about their security. While jailbreak attacks highlight failures under overtly harmful queries, they overlook a critical risk: incorrectly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yukai Zhou , Sibei Yang , Wenjie Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, but their increasing deployment across critical domains has raised concerns about their abnormal behaviors when faced with malicious attacks. Such vulnerability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Shide Zhou , Tianlin Li , Kailong Wang , Yihao Huang , Ling Shi , Yang Liu , Haoyu Wang

With the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), numerous efforts have revealed their vulnerabilities to jailbreak attacks. Although these studies have driven the progress in LLMs' safety alignment, it remains unclear whether LLMs have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yu Yan , Sheng Sun , Zhe Wang , Yijun Lin , Zenghao Duan , zhifei zheng , Min Liu , Zhiyi yin , Jianping Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) aligned with human feedback have recently garnered significant attention. However, it remains vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries manipulate prompts to induce harmful outputs. Exploring jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Hongyi Li , Jiawei Ye , Jie Wu , Tianjie Yan , Chu Wang , Zhixin Li

Large language models (LLMs) have seen widespread applications across various domains, yet remain vulnerable to adversarial prompt injections. While most existing research on jailbreak attacks and hallucination phenomena has focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Linghan Huang , Haolin Jin , Zhaoge Bi , Pengyue Yang , Peizhou Zhao , Taozhao Chen , Xiongfei Wu , Lei Ma , Huaming Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable computational power and linguistic capabilities. However, these models are inherently prone to various biases stemming from their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Riccardo Cantini , Giada Cosenza , Alessio Orsino , Domenico Talia

In recent years, the security vulnerabilities of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have become a serious concern in the Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) research. These highly intelligent models, capable of performing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Badhan Chandra Das , Md Tasnim Jawad , Joaquin Molto , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought impressive advancements across various tasks. However, despite these achievements, LLMs still pose inherent safety risks, especially in the context of jailbreak attacks. Most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Shi Lin , Hongming Yang , Rongchang Li , Xun Wang , Changting Lin , Wenpeng Xing , Meng Han

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in many applications, from customer service chat bots and software development assistants to more capable agentic systems necessitates research into how to secure these systems. Attacks like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Erick Galinkin , Martin Sablotny

Recent advances in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled unified perception-reasoning capabilities, yet these systems remain highly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass safety alignment and induce harmful behaviors.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiaojun Jia , Jie Liao , Qi Guo , Teng Ma , Simeng Qin , Ranjie Duan , Tianlin Li , Yihao Huang , Zhitao Zeng , Dongxian Wu , Yiming Li , Wenqi Ren , Xiaochun Cao , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, but their deployment has exposed critical vulnerabilities, particularly to jailbreak attacks that circumvent safety alignments. Guardrails--external defense mechanisms that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xunguang Wang , Zhenlan Ji , Wenxuan Wang , Zongjie Li , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly transformed the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Their impact extends across a diverse spectrum of tasks, revolutionizing how we approach language understanding and generations.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Sara Abdali , Richard Anarfi , CJ Barberan , Jia He , Erfan Shayegani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), offering transformative capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, with their rising prominence, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Arijit Ghosh Chowdhury , Md Mofijul Islam , Vaibhav Kumar , Faysal Hossain Shezan , Vaibhav Kumar , Vinija Jain , Aman Chadha