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Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) enables remote users to share high-rate and unconditionally secure secret keys while maintaining compatibility with classical optical communication networks and effective resistance…

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) offers secure communication, with secure key rates that surpass those achievable by QKD protocols utilizing two-dimensional encoding. However, existing high-dimensional QKD protocols require…

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) promises ultra-long secure key distribution which surpasses the rate distance limit and can reduce the number of the trusted nodes in long-haul quantum network. Tremendous efforts have been made…

The basic principle of quantum mechanics guarantee the unconditional security of quantum key distribution (QKD) at the cost of inability of amplification of quantum state. As a result, despite remarkable progress in worldwide metropolitan…

Quantum networks distributed over distances greater than a few kilometers will be limited by the time required for information to propagate between nodes. We analyze protocols that are able to circumvent this bottleneck by employing…

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD), using single-photon-type interference, offers a way to exceed the rate-distance limit without quantum repeaters. However, it still suffers from the photon losses and dark counts, which impose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Bing-Hong Li , Yuan-Mei Xie , Zhao Li , Chen-Xun Weng , Chen-Long Li , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Entanglement swapping between photon pairs generated at physically separated nodes over telecommunication fiber infrastructure is an essential step towards the quantum internet, enabling applications such as quantum repeaters, blind quantum…

The ability to generate entangled photon-pairs over a broad wavelength range opens the door to the simultaneous distribution of entanglement to multiple users in a network by using centralized sources and flexible wavelength-division…

We propose a schematic setup of quantum key distribution (QKD) with an improved secret key rate based on high-dimensional quantum states. Two degrees-of-freedom of a single photon, orbital angular momentum modes, and multi-path modes, are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-29 Yonggi Jo , Hee Su Park , Seung-Woo Lee , Wonmin Son

The realization of a quantum network node of matter-based qubits compatible with telecom-band operation and large-scale quantum information processing is an outstanding challenge that has limited the potential of elementary quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-06 William Huie , Shankar G. Menon , Hannes Bernien , Jacob P. Covey

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) allows to share random keys between two users with unconditional security: the key is usually generated by exchanging a stream of photons. The long-term vision of QKD is represented by a quantum network,…

Quantum repeaters are enabling technologies for long-distance quantum communications. Despite the significant progress in the field, we still not only face implementation challenges but also need theoretical solutions that better meet all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Javier Rey-Domínguez , Mohsen Razavi

We experimentally demonstrate the coexistence of three entanglement-based quantum channels with carrier-grade classical optical channels over $11.5$km hollow core nested antiresonant nodeless fibre, in a four user quantum network. A…

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

We present a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of a reconfigurable entanglement distribution scheme utilizing a poled fiber-based source of broadband polarization-entangled photon pairs and dense wavelength-division…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-18 E. Y. Zhu , C. Corbari , A. V. Gladyshev , P. G. Kazansky , H. K. Lo , L. Qian

Here, we present a proof-of-principle high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol utilizing the position and momentum entanglement of photon pairs. The protocol exploits the fact that position and momentum form mutually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Lukas Scarfe , Yingwen Zhang , Ebrahim Karimi

A large scale quantum network requires the distribution of high-fidelity end-to-end entanglement. To overcome the range limitations inherent to terrestrial fiber, a leading architecture has emerged: satellite-based sources transmitting…

Practical quantum networking architectures are crucial for scaling the connection of quantum resources. Yet quantum network testbeds have thus far underutilized the full capabilities of modern lightwave communications, such as flexible-grid…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the best candidate for securing communications against attackers, who may in the future exploit quantum-enhanced computational powers to break classical encryption. As such, new challenges are arising from…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) using entangled photon sources (EPS) is a cornerstone of secure communication. Despite rapid advances in QKD, conventional protocols still employ beam splitters (BSs) for passive random basis selection.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Ayan Kumar Nai , Gopal Prasad Sahu , Rutuj Gharate , C. M. Chandrashekar , G. K. Samanta