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This paper studies properly embedded surfaces in the 4-ball that are exotically knotted (i.e., topologically but not smoothly isotopic), and leverages this local phenomenon to study surfaces in larger 4-manifolds. The main results provide a…

A skew brace is a triplet $(A,\cdot,\circ)$, where $(A,\cdot)$ and $(A,\circ)$ are groups such that the brace relation $x\circ (y\cdot z) = (x\circ y)\cdot x^{-1}\cdot (x\circ z)$ holds for all $x,y,z\in A$. In this paper, we study the…

Smooth and symplectic symmetries of an infinite family of distinct exotic $K3$ surfaces are studied, and comparison with the corresponding symmetries of the standard $K3$ is made. The action on the $K3$ lattice induced by a smooth finite…

We classify twistings of Grothendieck's differential operators on a smooth variety $X$ in prime characteristic $p$. We prove isomorphism classes of twistings are in bijection with $H^2(X,\mathbb{Z}_p(1))$, the degree 2, weight 1 syntomic…

We prove a result that relates the number of homomorphisms from the fundamental group of a compact nonorientable surface to a finite group $G$, where conjugacy classes of the boundary components of the surface must map to prescribed…

For an oriented surface link $S$, we can take a satellite construction called a 2-dimensional braid over $S$, which is a surface link in the form of a covering over $S$. We demonstrate that 2-dimensional braids over surface links are useful…

We study algebraic structures of certain submonoids of the monoid of homology cylinders over a surface and the homology cobordism groups, using Reidemeister torsion with non-commutative coefficients. The submonoids consist of ones whose…

There is a well-known correspondence between the symplectic variety of representations of the fundamental group of a punctured Riemann surface into a compact Lie group G, with fixed conjugacy classes at the punctures, and a complex variety…

We give presentations of braid groups and pure braid groups on surfaces.

We study the problem of determining the isomorphism classes of the virtually cyclic subgroups of the n-string braid groups B_n(S^2) of the 2-sphere S^2. If n is odd, or if n is even and sufficiently large, we obtain the complete…

We give a topological interpretation of the core group invariant of a surface embedded in S^4. We show that the group is isomorphic to the free product of the fundamental group of the double branch cover of S^4 with the surface as a…

Given an oriented surface of positive genus with finitely many punctures, we classify the finite orbits of the mapping class group action on the moduli space of semisimple complex special linear two dimensional representations of the…

We show that every subgroup of the mapping class group MCG(S) of a compact surface S is either virtually abelian or it has infinite dimensional second bounded cohomology. As an application, we give another proof of the…

Class D topological superconductors in $2+1$ dimensions are known to have a $\mathbb{Z}_{16}$ classification in the presence of interactions, with $16$ different topological orders underlying the $16$ distinct phases. By applying the…

We classify homomorphisms from the braid group on $n$ strands to the pure mapping class group of a nonoriantable surface of genus $g$. For $n\ge 14$ and $g\le 2\lfloor{n/2}\rfloor+1$ every such homomorphism is either cyclic, or it maps…

We classify finite groups that act faithfully by symplectic birational transformations on an irreducible holomorphic symplectic (IHS) manifold of OG10 type. In particular, if X is an IHS manifold of OG10 type and G a finite subgroup of…

Let $G$ be a finite group. Denoting by ${\rm{cd}}(G)$ the set of the degrees of the irreducible complex characters of $G$, we consider the {\it character degree graph} of $G$: this is the (simple, undirected) graph whose vertices are the…

A bar-joint framework $(G,p)$ is the combination of a finite simple graph $G=(V,E)$ and a placement $p:V\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^d$. The framework is rigid if the only edge-length preserving continuous deformations of the vertices arise from…

We show that braid groups with at most 6 strands are CAT(0) using the close connection between these groups, the associated non-crossing partition complexes and the embeddability of their diagonal links into spherical buildings of type A.…

We introduce a new construction of surfaces in $D^2 \times B^2$, called knitted surfaces or BMW surfaces, which are described as the trace of deformations of knits. Here, knits are tangles obtained from classical braids from splicing at…