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Modern power grids combine conventional generators with distributed energy resource (DER) generators in response to concerns over climate change and long-term energy security. Due to the intermittent nature of DERs, different types of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-25 Ramkrishna Mishan , Matthew Egan , Mohammed Ben-Idris , Hanif Livani

An inevitable consequence of the global power system transition towards nearly 100% renewable-based generation is the loss of conventional bulk generation by synchronous machines, their inertia, and accompanying frequency and voltage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-10 Ali Tayyebi , Dominic Groß , Adolfo Anta , Friederich Kupzog , Florian Dörfler

Power systems are shifted from conventional bulk generation toward renewable generation. This trend leads to the frequency security problem due to the decline of system inertia. On the other hand, natural gas-fired units are frequently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Lun Yang , Yinliang Xu , Jianguo Zhou , Hongbin Sun

To maintain frequency stability in decarbonized power systems, inertia services from synchronous generators (SGs) and inverter-based resources must be procured. However, designing an inertia-aware system operation poses significant…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 HyunJoong Kim , Jip Kim

Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the installed capacity of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids is rapidly increasing, and grid-following control (GFL) is the most prevalent at present. Meanwhile, grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Yinhong Lin , Bin Wang , Qinglai Guo , Haotian Zhao , Hongbin Sun

Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model is used for power system day-ahead scheduling. However, current SCUC model uses a static network to deliver power and meet demand optimally. A dynamic network can provide a lower optimal…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-16 Arun Venkatesh Ramesh , Xingpeng Li , Kory W. Hedman

The large-scale replacement of synchronous machines with inverter-based generation (IBG) introduces critical challenges to both voltage and frequency stability. This work builds on a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-14 Aoun Abbas , Zhongda Chu , Charalambos Konstantinou

Uncertainty levels in forecasting of renewable generation and demand are known to affect the amount of reserve required to operate the power grid with a given level of reliability. In this paper, we quantify the effects on the system…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-06-18 Yihui Zuo , Fabrizio Sossan , Mokhtar Bozorg , Mario Paolone

Industrial demand response (IDR) plays an important role in promoting the utilization of renewable energy (RE) in power systems. However, it will lead to power adjustments on the supply side, which is also a non-negligible factor in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-07 Yuanzheng Li , Xinxin Long , Yang Li , Yizhou Ding , Tao Yang , Zhigang Zeng

A case study on modeling adequacy of a grid in presence of renewable resources based on grid-forming converters (GFCs) is the subject matter of this paper. For this purpose, a 4-machine 11-bus IEEE benchmark model is modified by considering…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Lilan Karunaratne , Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri , Amirthagunaraj Yogarathnam , Meng Yue

With increasing installation of wind and solar generation, conventional synchronous generators in power systems are gradually displaced resulting in a significant reduction in system inertia. Maintaining system frequency within acceptable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-31 Mingjian Tuo , Xingpeng Li

The flexible power consumption feature of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) such as heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems makes them attractive targets for demand response (DR). TCLs possess a brief period where…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-26 Praveen Dhanasekar , Cunzhi Zhao , Xingpeng Li

Data centers (DCs) are increasingly recognized as flexible loads that can support grid frequency regulation. Yet, most existing methods treat workload scheduling and regulation capacity bidding separately, overlooking how queueing dynamics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Yingrui Fan , Junbo Zhao

Renewable energy sources (RES) has gained a lot of interest recently. The limited transmission capacity serving RES often leads to network congestion since they are located in remote favorable locations. As a result, when poorly scheduled,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-05 Arun Venkatesh Ramesh , Xingpeng Li

In this paper we consider a possibility of stabilizing very fast electromagnetic interactions between Inverter Based Resources (IBRs), known as the Control Induced System Stability problems. We propose that when these oscillatory…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-09 Riley Lawson , Marija Ilic

In recent years, the implementation of the demand response (DR) programs in the power systems scheduling and operation is increased. DR is used to improve the consumers' and power providers economic condition. That said, optimal power flow…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-17 Sayyad Nojavan , Vafa Ajoulabadi , Tohid Khalili , Ali Bidram

We explore how Demand Response (DR) can effectively provide electricity system services such as for the management of bi-directional power flows and the control of voltage deviations in active distribution networks, without compromising…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-01 Arsam Aryandoust

Low levels of inertia due to increasing renewable penetration bring several challenges, such as the higher need for Primary Frequency Response (PFR). A potential solution to mitigate this problem consists on reducing the largest possible…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-14 Luis Badesa , Fei Teng , Goran Strbac

Power grid frequency control is a demanding task requiring expensive idle power plants to adapt the supply to the fluctuating demand. An alternative approach is controlling the demand side in such a way that certain appliances modify their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-08-09 E. B. Tchawou Tchuisseu , D. Gomila , D. Brunner , P. Colet

The rapid growth of renewable energy sources has significantly reduced system inertia and increased the need for fast frequency response (FFR) in modern power systems. Data centers, as large and flexible electrical consumers, hold great…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Xiaojie Tao , Rajit Gadh