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Most deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms distill experience into parametric behavior policies or value functions via gradient updates. While effective, this approach has several disadvantages: (1) it is computationally expensive,…

Recent research has confirmed the feasibility of backdoor attacks in deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems. However, the existing attacks require the ability to arbitrarily modify an agent's observation, constraining the application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Lun Wang , Zaynah Javed , Xian Wu , Wenbo Guo , Xinyu Xing , Dawn Song

Explosive demands for LLMs often cause user queries to accumulate in server queues, requiring efficient routing (query-LLM matching) and scheduling (query prioritization) mechanisms. Several online algorithms are being deployed, but they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Seoungbin Bae , Junyoung Son , Dabeen Lee

Human beings use compositionality to generalise from past experiences to novel experiences. We assume a separation of our experiences into fundamental atomic components that can be recombined in novel ways to support our ability to engage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Kevin Denamganaï , Sondess Missaoui , James Alfred Walker

Protecting cyberspace requires not only advanced tools but also a shift in how we reason about threats, trust, and autonomy. Traditional cybersecurity methods rely on manual responses and brittle heuristics. To build proactive and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Quanyan Zhu

With the prospect of autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) agents, studying their tendency for cooperative behavior becomes an increasingly relevant topic. This study is inspired by the super-additive cooperation theory, where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Filippo Tonini , Lukas Galke

Ad hoc dataset search requires matching underspecified natural-language queries against sparse, heterogeneous metadata records, a task where typical lexical or dense retrieval alone falls short. We reposition dataset search as a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Riccardo Terrenzi , Phongsakon Mark Konrad , Tim Lukas Adam , Serkan Ayvaz

Recent research on instructable agents has used memory-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) as task planners, a technique that retrieves language-program examples relevant to the input instruction and uses them as in-context examples in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Gabriel Sarch , Sahil Somani , Raghav Kapoor , Michael J. Tarr , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Website hacking is a frequent attack type used by malicious actors to obtain confidential information, modify the integrity of web pages or make websites unavailable. The tools used by attackers are becoming more and more automated and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Laszlo Erdodi , Fabio Massimo Zennaro

This paper presents a Large Language Model (LLM) based conversational agent system designed to enhance human-machine collaboration in Machine Learning Operations (MLOps). We introduce the Swarm Agent, an extensible architecture that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 George Fatouros , Georgios Makridis , George Kousiouris , John Soldatos , Anargyros Tsadimas , Dimosthenis Kyriazis

Travel planning (TP) agent has recently worked as an emerging building block to interact with external tools and resources for travel itinerary generation, ensuring enjoyable user experience. Despite its benefits, existing studies rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Yansong Ning , Rui Liu , Jun Wang , Kai Chen , Wei Li , Jun Fang , Kan Zheng , Naiqiang Tan , Hao Liu

Efficiently solving real-world problems with LLMs increasingly hinges on their ability to interact with dynamic web environments and autonomously acquire external information. While recent research like Search-R1 and WebDancer demonstrates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Tao Yu , Zhengbo Zhang , Zhiheng Lyu , Junhao Gong , Hongzhu Yi , Xinming Wang , Yuxuan Zhou , Jiabing Yang , Ping Nie , Yan Huang , Wenhu Chen

Agentic web search increasingly faces two distinct demands: deep reasoning over a single target, and structured aggregation across many entities and heterogeneous sources. Current systems struggle on both fronts. Breadth-oriented tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yuxuan Huang , Yihang Chen , Zhiyuan He , Yuxiang Chen , Ka Yiu Lee , Huichi Zhou , Weilin Luo , Meng Fang , Jun Wang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have sparked growing interest in building generalist agents that can learn through online interactions. However, applying reinforcement learning (RL) to train LLM agents in multi-turn,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanchen Zhang , Xiao Liu , Bowen Lv , Xueqiao Sun , Bohao Jing , Iat Long Iong , Zhenyu Hou , Zehan Qi , Hanyu Lai , Yifan Xu , Rui Lu , Hongning Wang , Jie Tang , Yuxiao Dong

We study what actually works and what doesn't for training large language models as agents via multi-turn reinforcement learning. Despite rapid progress, existing frameworks and definitions are fragmented, and there is no systematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ruiyi Wang , Prithviraj Ammanabrolu

Backdoor attacks manipulate model predictions by inserting innocuous triggers into training and test data. We focus on more realistic and more challenging clean-label attacks where the adversarial training examples are correctly labeled.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Wencong You , Zayd Hammoudeh , Daniel Lowd

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities as autonomous agents, yet existing benchmarks either focus on single-agent tasks or are confined to narrow domains, failing to capture the dynamics of multi-agent coordination…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Hongyi Du , Zhaochen Hong , Xiaocheng Yang , Shuyi Guo , Zhe Wang , Zhenhailong Wang , Cheng Qian , Xiangru Tang , Heng Ji , Jiaxuan You

The potential of Large Language Model (LLM) as agents has been widely acknowledged recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to quantitatively \textit{evaluate LLMs as agents} on challenging tasks in interactive environments. We present…

AI systems that learn through reward feedback about the actions they take are increasingly deployed in domains that have significant impact on our daily life. However, in many cases the online rewards should not be the only guiding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-18 Avinash Balakrishnan , Djallel Bouneffouf , Nicholas Mattei , Francesca Rossi

Because state-of-the-art language models are expensive to train, most practitioners must make use of one of the few publicly available language models or language model APIs. This consolidation of trust increases the potency of backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nikhil Kandpal , Matthew Jagielski , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini