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This paper investigates the optimal allocation of large language model (LLM) inference workloads across heterogeneous edge data centers over time. Each data center features on-site renewable generation and faces dynamic electricity prices…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jiaming Cheng , Duong Tung Nguyen

The rapid proliferation of latency-sensitive and battery-constrained Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications has intensified the need for intelligent workload placement mechanisms across the Edge-Cloud computing continuum. In such…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Anastasios Giannopoulos , Sotirios Spantideas , Panagiotis Trakadas

The rapid adoption of AI-driven automation in IoT environments, particularly in smart cities and industrial systems, necessitates a standardized approach to quantify AIs computational workload. Existing methodologies lack a consistent…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Aasish Kumar Sharma , Michael Bidollahkhani , Julian Martin Kunkel

As machine learning workloads significantly increase energy consumption, sustainable data centers with low carbon emissions are becoming a top priority for governments and corporations worldwide. This requires a paradigm shift in optimizing…

The exponential growth of devices and data at the edges of the Internet is rising scalability and privacy concerns on approaches based exclusively on remote cloud platforms. Data gravity, a fundamental concept in Fog Computing, points…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Lorenzo Valerio , Andrea Passarella , Marco Conti

Data centers (DCs) are increasingly recognized as flexible loads that can support grid frequency regulation. Yet, most existing methods treat workload scheduling and regulation capacity bidding separately, overlooking how queueing dynamics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Yingrui Fan , Junbo Zhao

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence is exponentially escalating computational demand, inflating data center energy use and carbon emissions, and spurring rapid deployment of green data centers to relieve resource and environmental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Haoyu Jiang , Boan Qu , Junjie Zhu , Fanjie Zeng , Xiaojie Lin , Wei Zhong

Artificial intelligence (AI) and Machine learning (ML) workloads are an increasingly larger share of the compute workloads in traditional High-Performance Computing (HPC) centers and commercial cloud systems. This has led to changes in…

Training large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models demands significant computational power and energy, leading to increased carbon footprint with potential environmental repercussions. This paper delves into the challenges of training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jieming Bian , Lei Wang , Shaolei Ren , Jie Xu

Task graphs provide a simple way to describe scientific workflows (sets of tasks with dependencies) that can be executed on both HPC clusters and in the cloud. An important aspect of executing such graphs is the used scheduling algorithm.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Jakub Beránek , Stanislav Böhm , Vojtěch Cima

Cloud providers are adapting datacenter (DC) capacity to reduce carbon emissions. With hyperscale datacenters exceeding 100 MW individually, and in some grids exceeding 15% of power load, DC adaptation is large enough to harm power grid…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Liuzixuan Lin , Andrew A. Chien

Artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for automating the creation of diverse and customized content, giving rise to rapidly growing computational workloads in cloud data centers. It is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yang Fu , Peng Qin , Liming Chen , Zihao Zhang , Hao Yu , Yifei Wang

Pollux improves scheduling performance in deep learning (DL) clusters by adaptively co-optimizing inter-dependent factors both at the per-job level and at the cluster-wide level. Most existing schedulers expect users to specify the number…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Aurick Qiao , Sang Keun Choe , Suhas Jayaram Subramanya , Willie Neiswanger , Qirong Ho , Hao Zhang , Gregory R. Ganger , Eric P. Xing

Since emerging edge applications such as Internet of Things (IoT) analytics and augmented reality have tight latency constraints, hardware AI accelerators have been recently proposed to speed up deep neural network (DNN) inference run by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Qianlin Liang , Walid A. Hanafy , Ahmed Ali-Eldin , Prashant Shenoy

The need to reduce datacenter carbon footprint is urgent. While many sustainability techniques have been proposed, they are often evaluated in isolation, using limited setups or analytical models that overlook real-world dynamics and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Dante Niewenhuis , Sacheendra Talluri , Alexandru Iosup , Tiziano de Matteis

This paper addresses the joint scheduling problem of stochastic workloads and a hydrogen-enabled distributed energy system in a low-carbon Internet data centers (IDC). Although such workloads can be shifted over temporal and spatial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Maoyuan Ma , Wangyi Guo , Lei Yang , Zhanbo Xu , Xiaohong Guan

Recent research shows large-scale AI-centric data centers could experience rapid fluctuations in power demand due to varying computation loads, such as sudden spikes from inference or interruption of training large language models (LLMs).…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-12 Mariam Mughees , Yuzhuo Li , Yize Chen , Yunwei Ryan Li

The use of High Performance Computing (HPC) in commercial and consumer IT applications is becoming popular. They need the ability to gain rapid and scalable access to high-end computing capabilities. Cloud computing promises to deliver such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2009-09-08 Saurabh Kumar Garg , Chee Shin Yeo , Arun Anandasivam , Rajkumar Buyya

"Geographic Load Balancing" is a strategy for reducing the energy cost of data centers spreading across different terrestrial locations. In this paper, we focus on load balancing among micro-datacenters powered by renewable energy sources.…

Performance · Computer Science 2016-12-13 Giovanni Neglia , Matteo Sereno , Giuseppe Bianchi

AI infrastructure has transitioned from a software-centric paradigm to a system tightly bound by physical and environmental limits. Energy availability, cooling capacity, and network connectivity now impose hard operational boundaries that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Sergio Cruzes