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Data-driven discovery of partial differential equations (PDEs) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Although significant progress has been made, certain unresolved issues remain. For example, for PDEs with high-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Hao Xu , Dongxiao Zhang , Nanzhe Wang

Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently gained popularity due to their effective approximation of partial differential equations (PDEs) using deep neural networks (DNNs). However, their out of domain behavior is not well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Lukas Fesser , Luca D'Amico-Wong , Richard Qiu

Machine learning, especially physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and their neural network variants, has been widely used to solve problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs). The successful deployment of such methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Genwei Ma , Ting Luo , Ping Yang , Xing Zhao

Although physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown great potential in dealing with nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), it is common that PINNs will suffer from the problem of insufficient precision or obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Feilong Jiang , Xiaonan Hou , Min Xia

This paper proposes a novel neural network framework, denoted as spectral integrated neural networks (SINNs), for resolving three-dimensional forward and inverse dynamic problems. In the SINNs, the spectral integration method is applied to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Lin Qiu , Fajie Wang , Wenzhen Qu , Yan Gu , Qing-Hua Qin

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are widely used to describe relevant phenomena in dynamical systems. In real-world applications, we commonly need to combine formal PDE models with (potentially noisy) observations. This is especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Monika Nagy-Huber , Volker Roth

Partial differential equation (PDE) solvers underpin modern quantitative finance, governing option pricing and risk evaluation. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising approach for solving the forward and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Akshay Govind Srinivasan , Anuj Jagannath Said , Sathwik Pentela , Vikas Dwivedi , Balaji Srinivasan

In this paper, we introduce the SPINNs (stochastic physics-informed neural networks) in a systematic manner. This provides a mathematical framework for approximating the solution of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by Levy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Marcin Baranek , Paweł Przybyłowicz

Thanks to their universal approximation properties and new efficient training strategies, Deep Neural Networks are becoming a valuable tool for the approximation of mathematical operators. In the present work, we introduce Mesh-Informed…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-05-08 Nicola Rares Franco , Andrea Manzoni , Paolo Zunino

Ordinary and partial differential equations (DE) are used extensively in scientific and mathematical domains to model physical systems. Current literature has focused primarily on deep neural network (DNN) based methods for solving a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Hyeonjung , Jung , Jayant Gupta , Bharat Jayaprakash , Matthew Eagon , Harish Panneer Selvam , Carl Molnar , William Northrop , Shashi Shekhar

We study physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) as numerical tools for the optimal control of semilinear partial differential equations. We first recall the classical direct and indirect viewpoints for optimal control of PDEs, and then…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Zhen Zhang , Shanqing Liu , Alessandro Alla , Jerome Darbon , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as effective methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) in various problems. Substantial research focuses on the failure modes of PINNs due to their frequent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Yesom Park , Changhoon Song , Myungjoo Kang

We develop a framework for estimating unknown partial differential equations from noisy data, using a deep learning approach. Given noisy samples of a solution to an unknown PDE, our method interpolates the samples using a neural network,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Ali Hasan , João M. Pereira , Robert Ravier , Sina Farsiu , Vahid Tarokh

Physically informed neural networks (PINNs) are a promising emerging method for solving differential equations. As in many other deep learning approaches, the choice of PINN design and training protocol requires careful craftsmanship. Here,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-09 Inbar Seroussi , Asaf Miron , Zohar Ringel

Recently, researchers have utilized neural networks to accurately solve partial differential equations (PDEs), enabling the mesh-free method for scientific computation. Unfortunately, the network performance drops when encountering a high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Pongpisit Thanasutives , Masayuki Numao , Ken-ichi Fukui

The numerical solution of high dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) is severely constrained by the curse of dimensionality (CoD), rendering classical grid--based methods impractical beyond a few dimensions. In recent years,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Wenzhong Zhang , Zheyuan Hu , Wei Cai , George EM Karniadakis

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) are deep learning based techniques for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) encounted in computational science and engineering. Guided by data and physical laws, PINNs find a neural network…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-30 Yeonjong Shin , Jerome Darbon , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as powerful tools for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, training PINNs from scratch is often computationally intensive and time-consuming. To address this problem,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-10-21 Sidi Wu

Successfully training Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for highly nonlinear PDEs on complex 3D domains remains a challenging task. In this paper, PINNs are employed to solve the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations at…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Saakaar Bhatnagar , Andrew Comerford , Araz Banaeizadeh

We prove a priori and a posteriori error estimates for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for linear PDEs. We analyze elliptic equations in primal and mixed form, elasticity, parabolic, hyperbolic and Stokes equations; and a PDE…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Marius Zeinhofer , Rami Masri , Kent-André Mardal