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Recent large language models (LLMs) are promising for making decisions in grounded environments. However, LLMs frequently fail in complex decision-making tasks due to the misalignment between the pre-trained knowledge in LLMs and the actual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Siqi Ouyang , Lei Li

The emergence of Large Language Model (LLM) agents enables us to build agent-based intelligent systems that move beyond the role of a "tool" to become genuine collaborators with humans, thereby realizing a novel human-agent collaboration…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Bingsheng Yao , Chaoran Chen , April Yi Wang , Sherry Tongshuang Wu , Toby Jia-jun Li , Dakuo Wang

Large language model (LLM) agents are fundamentally constrained by context length on long-horizon tasks. We introduce Context-Folding, a framework that empowers agents to actively manage their working context. An agent can procedurally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Weiwei Sun , Miao Lu , Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Xuesong Yao , Yiming Yang , Jiecao Chen

In recent developments within the research community, the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in creating fully autonomous agents has garnered significant interest. Despite this, LLM-based agents frequently demonstrate notable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Xueyang Feng , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yujia Qin , Yankai Lin , Xu Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

Inventory management remains a challenge for many small and medium-sized businesses that lack the expertise to deploy advanced optimization methods. This paper investigates whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can help bridge this gap. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Yaqi Duan , Yichun Hu , Jiashuo Jiang

Task-oriented dialogue systems based on Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained increasing attention across various industries and achieved significant results. Current approaches condense complex procedural workflows into a single agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Zihao Feng , Xiaoxue Wang , Bowen Wu , Weihong Zhong , Zhen Xu , Hailong Cao , Tiejun Zhao , Ying Li , Baoxun Wang

Agents powered by large language models have shown remarkable abilities in solving complex tasks. However, most agent systems remain reactive, limiting their effectiveness in scenarios requiring foresight and autonomous decision-making. In…

Agents, as user-centric tools, are increasingly deployed for human task delegation, assisting with a broad spectrum of requests by generating thoughts, engaging with user proxies, and producing action plans. However, agents based on large…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Wenyue Hua , Mengting Wan , Shashank Vadrevu , Ryan Nadel , Yongfeng Zhang , Chi Wang

Large language models (LLMs)-based code generation for robotic manipulation has recently shown promise by directly translating human instructions into executable code, but existing methods remain noisy, constrained by fixed primitives and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yuan Meng , Zhenguo Sun , Max Fest , Xukun Li , Zhenshan Bing , Alois Knoll

Collecting high-quality labeled data for model training is notoriously time-consuming and labor-intensive for various NLP tasks. While copious solutions, such as active learning for small language models (SLMs) and prevalent in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Ruixuan Xiao , Yiwen Dong , Junbo Zhao , Runze Wu , Minmin Lin , Gang Chen , Haobo Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled LLM-based agents to directly interact with application user interfaces (UIs), enhancing agents' performance in complex tasks. However, these agents often suffer from high latency and low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junting Lu , Zhiyang Zhang , Fangkai Yang , Jue Zhang , Lu Wang , Chao Du , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang , Qi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising basis for creating agents that can tackle complex tasks through iterative environmental interaction. Existing methods either require these agents to mimic expert-provided trajectories or rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Dihong Gong , Pu Lu , Zelong Wang , Meng Zhou , Xiuqiang He

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive zero-shot and few-shot generalization capabilities across complex natural language tasks, enabling their widespread use as virtual assistants for diverse applications such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Arjun Vaithilingam Sudhakar

Tool learning empowers large language models (LLMs) as agents to use external tools and extend their utility. Existing methods employ one single LLM-based agent to iteratively select and execute tools, thereafter incorporating execution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zhengliang Shi , Shen Gao , Xiuyi Chen , Yue Feng , Lingyong Yan , Haibo Shi , Dawei Yin , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed in settings where they interact with a wide variety of people, including users who are unclear, impatient, or reluctant to share information. However, collecting real interaction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Harshita Chopra , Kshitish Ghate , Aylin Caliskan , Tadayoshi Kohno , Chirag Shah , Natasha Jaques

Proactive large language model (LLM) agents aim to actively plan, query, and interact over multiple turns, enabling efficient task completion beyond passive instruction following and making them essential for real-world, user-centric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Haohong Lin , Shiqi Liu , Zuxin Liu , Jiacheng Zhu , Zhang-Wei Hong , Laixi Shi , Ding Zhao

The development of AI agents based on large, open-domain language models (LLMs) has paved the way for the development of general-purpose AI assistants that can support human in tasks such as writing, coding, graphic design, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Saptarashmi Bandyopadhyay , Robert Loftin

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) mature, GUI agents are evolving from static interactions to complex navigation. While Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for training MLLM agents on dynamic GUI tasks,…

Agentic AI systems use specialized agents to handle tasks within complex workflows, enabling automation and efficiency. However, optimizing these systems often requires labor-intensive, manual adjustments to refine roles, tasks, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Hassan Sawaf

Recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have led to the development of LLM-based AI agents. A key challenge is the creation of agents that can effectively ground themselves in complex, adversarial long-horizon environments.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Sijia Cui , Shuai Xu , Aiyao He , Yanna Wang , Bo Xu