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Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly enhanced LLMs by incorporating external information. However, prevailing agentic RAG approaches are constrained by a critical limitation: they treat the retrieval process as a black-box…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yulong Hui , Chao Chen , Zhihang Fu , Yihao Liu , Jieping Ye , Huanchen Zhang

Maintaining comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge graphs (KGs) is critical for modern AI systems, but manual curation struggles to scale with the rapid growth of scientific literature. This paper presents KARMA, a novel framework employing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yuxing Lu , Wei Wu , Xukai Zhao , Rui Peng , Jinzhuo Wang

Code Search is a key task that many programmers often have to perform while developing solutions to problems. Current methodologies suffer from an inability to perform accurately on prompts that contain some ambiguity or ones that require…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Sarthak Jain , Aditya Dora , Ka Seng Sam , Prabhat Singh

Despite substantial advances in large language models (LLMs), generating factually consistent responses for knowledge-intensive question answering remains challenging. These difficulties are primarily due to hallucinations and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Taolin Zhang , Dongyang Li , Chen Chen , Qizhou Chen , Jiuheng Wan , Xiaofeng He , Chengyu Wang , Richang Hong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external, domain-specific data into the generative process. While LLMs are highly capable, they often rely on static, pre-trained datasets, limiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Aniruddha Salve , Saba Attar , Mahesh Deshmukh , Sayali Shivpuje , Arnab Mitra Utsab

Semantic relevance judgment for search is particularly challenging in knowledge-intensive scenarios, where accurate ranking requires not only semantic matching but also background grounding, multi-step reasoning, and well-calibrated…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hengjun Jiang , Liansheng Sun , Yan Jiang , Xiaojie Ke , Yongjin Wang , Xiangkun Liu , Cunxin Gu , Jian Xu , Guanjun Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant promise for mathematics education, yet they often struggle with complex mathematical reasoning. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by grounding LLMs in external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shiting Chen , Zijian Zhao , Jinsong Chen

Search-augmented reasoning agents interleave multi-step reasoning with external information retrieval, but uncontrolled retrieval often leads to redundant evidence, context saturation, and unstable learning. Existing approaches rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Siheng Xiong , Oguzhan Gungordu , Blair Johnson , James C. Kerce , Faramarz Fekri

Large language models (LLMs) as autonomous agents offer a novel avenue for tackling real-world challenges through a knowledge-driven manner. These LLM-enhanced methodologies excel in generalization and interpretability. However, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Kemou Jiang , Xuan Cai , Zhiyong Cui , Aoyong Li , Yilong Ren , Haiyang Yu , Hao Yang , Daocheng Fu , Licheng Wen , Pinlong Cai

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often face limitations in specialized domains such as fintech, where domain-specific ontologies, dense terminology, and acronyms complicate effective retrieval and synthesis. This paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Thomas Cook , Richard Osuagwu , Liman Tsatiashvili , Vrynsia Vrynsia , Koustav Ghosal , Maraim Masoud , Riccardo Mattivi

The increasing complexity and scale of modern telecommunications networks demand intelligent automation to enhance efficiency, adaptability, and resilience. Agentic AI has emerged as a key paradigm for intelligent communications and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ruichen Zhang , Shunpu Tang , Yinqiu Liu , Dusit Niyato , Zehui Xiong , Sumei Sun , Shiwen Mao , Zhu Han

With the rapid growth of scientific literature, scientific question answering (SciQA) has become increasingly critical for exploring and utilizing scientific knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances LLMs by incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Haotian Chen , Qingqing Long , Siyu Pu , Xiao Luo , Wei Ju , Meng Xiao , Yuanchun Zhou , Jianghua Zhao , Xuezhi Wang

Complex dialog systems often use retrieved evidence to facilitate factual responses. Such RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) systems retrieve from massive heterogeneous data stores that are usually architected as multiple indexes or APIs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Ashutosh Joshi , Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar , Samarth Varshney , Sreyashi Nag , Shrivats Agrawal , Juhi Naik

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) augments Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge, conventional single-agent RAG remains fundamentally limited in resolving complex queries demanding coordinated reasoning across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Pei Liu , Xin Liu , Ruoyu Yao , Junming Liu , Siyuan Meng , Ding Wang , Jun Ma

Memory systems are fundamental to AI agents, yet existing work often lacks adaptability to diverse tasks and overlooks the constructive and task-oriented role of AI agent memory. Drawing from Piaget's theory of cognitive development, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shian Jia , Ziyang Huang , Xinbo Wang , Haofei Zhang , Mingli Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at many reasoning tasks but struggle with knowledge-intensive queries due to their inability to dynamically access up-to-date or domain-specific information. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Minghao Guo , Qingcheng Zeng , Xujiang Zhao , Yanchi Liu , Wenchao Yu , Mengnan Du , Haifeng Chen , Wei Cheng

Language agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding, reasoning, and executing complex tasks. However, developing robust agents presents significant challenges: substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Qianqian Zhang , Jiajia Liao , Heting Ying , Yibo Ma , Haozhan Shen , Jingcheng Li , Peng Liu , Lu Zhang , Chunxin Fang , Kyusong Lee , Ruochen Xu , Tiancheng Zhao

LLM agents require retrieval to behave less like one-shot context fetching and more like reasoning: searching, reading, traversing, and deciding when evidence is sufficient. Yet current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems organize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoliang Ming , Feifei Li , Xiaoqing Wu , Wenhui Que

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities in mathematical and scientific tasks. To enhance complex reasoning, multi-agent systems have been proposed to harness the collective intelligence of LLM agents.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Zhenyu Bi , Meng Lu , Yang Li , Swastik Roy , Weijie Guan , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly accelerated the development of search agents capable of autonomously gathering information through multi-turn web interactions. Various benchmarks have been proposed to…