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The distortion of light's degrees of freedom when passing through complex random media is of great interest across a diversity of fields, e.g., scattering in biological studies. Emulating such media in a controlled laboratory setting…
Single photon detectors are indispensable tools in optics, from fundamental measurements to quantum information processing. The ability of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors to detect single photons with unprecedented…
Image simulation remains under-exploited for the most widely used biological phase microscopy methods, because of difficulties in simulating partially coherent illumination. We describe an open-source toolbox, microlith…
The Radiotherapy treatment planning optimization process based on a quasi-Newton algorithm with an object function containing dose-volume constraints is not guaranteed to converge when the dose value in the dose-volume constraint is a…
Fabrication of X-ray gratings has surged in the last two decades thanks to their vast employment in X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging, an imaging technique able to boost X-ray sensitivity to detect otherwise invisible details. These high aspect…
Ptychographic Coherent Diffractive Imaging enables diffraction-limited imaging of nanoscale structures at extreme ultraviolet and x-ray wavelengths, where high-quality image-forming optics are not available. However, its reliance on a set…
The use of x-ray imaging in medicine and other research is well known. Generally, the image quality is proportional to the total flux, but high photon energy could severely damage the specimen, so how to decrease the radiation dose while…
Automatic segmentation of the prostate cancer from the multi-modal magnetic resonance images is of critical importance for the initial staging and prognosis of patients. However, how to use the multi-modal image features more efficiently is…
In order to take full advantage of the U.S. Department of Energy's billion-dollar investments into the next-generation research infrastructure (e.g., exascale, light sources, colliders), advances are required not only in detector technology…
Based on phase retrieval, lensless coherent imaging and in particular holography offers quantitative phase and amplitude images. This is of particular importance for spectral ranges where suitable lenses are challenging, such as for hard…
X-ray single particle imaging involves the measurement of a large number of noisy diffraction patterns of isolated objects in random orientations. The missing information about these patterns is then computationally recovered in order to…
Rotating modulation is a technique for indirect imaging in the hard x-ray and soft gamma-ray energy bands, which may offer an advantage over coded aperture imaging at high energies. A rotating modulator (RM) consists of a single mask of…
Electron ptychography has seen a recent surge of interest for phase sensitive imaging at atomic or near-atomic resolution. However, applications are so far mainly limited to radiation-hard samples because the required doses are too high for…
The development of Hybrid CMOS Detectors (HCDs) for X-Ray telescope focal planes will place them in con- tention with CCDs on future satellite missions due to their faster frame rates, flexible readout scenarios, lower power consumption,…
X-ray imaging is a prevalent technique for non-invasively visualizing the interior of the human body and opaque instruments. In most commercial x-ray modalities, an image is formed by measuring the x-rays that pass through the object of…
Multiphase flows where particles, bubbles, or droplets are suspended in a fluid govern critical processes in biology, medicine, materials processing, and geophysics. However, observing their microscale dynamics in opaque systems has…
Ptychography is an enabling coherent diffraction imaging technique for both fundamental and applied sciences. Its applications in optical microscopy, however, fall short for its low imaging throughput and limited resolution. Here, we report…
The continuing improvement in quantum efficiency (above 90% for single visible photons), reduction in noise (below 1 electron per pixel), and shrink in pixel pitch (less than 1 micron) motivate billion-pixel X-ray cameras (BiPC-X) based on…
X-ray parametric down-conversion is a fundamental nonlinear effect that promises a wide range of possible applications. Nevertheless, it has been scarcely investigated and unequivocal evidence of the effect is still missing for certain…
We present a new technique for obtaining simultaneous multimodal quantitative phase and fluorescence microscopy of biological cells, providing both quantitative phase imaging and molecular specificity using a single camera. Our system is…