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The widespread use of Large Language Model (LLM)-based conversational agents (CAs), especially in high-stakes domains, raises many privacy concerns. Building ethical LLM-based CAs that respect user privacy requires an in-depth understanding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Zhiping Zhang , Michelle Jia , Hao-Ping Lee , Bingsheng Yao , Sauvik Das , Ada Lerner , Dakuo Wang , Tianshi Li

LLM-based Conversational AIs (CAIs), also known as GenAI chatbots, like ChatGPT, are increasingly used across various domains, but they pose privacy risks, as users may disclose personal information during their conversations with CAIs.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Xiao Zhan , Juan Carlos Carrillo , William Seymour , Jose Such

The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs), which closely track user data and context, has prompted users to share personal and private information in unprecedented ways. Even when users opt out of allowing their data to be used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 GodsGift Uzor , Hasan Al-Qudah , Ynes Ineza , Abdul Serwadda

Conversational agents are increasingly woven into individuals' personal lives, yet users often underestimate the privacy risks associated with them. The moment users share information with these agents-such as large language models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ivoline Ngong , Swanand Kadhe , Hao Wang , Keerthiram Murugesan , Justin D. Weisz , Amit Dhurandhar , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy

With the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs), many downstream NLP tasks can be well solved given appropriate prompts. Though model developers and researchers work hard on dialog safety to avoid generating harmful content from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Haoran Li , Dadi Guo , Wei Fan , Mingshi Xu , Jie Huang , Fanpu Meng , Yangqiu Song

Most traditional AI safety research has approached AI models as machines and centered on algorithm-focused attacks developed by security experts. As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly common and competent, non-expert users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Yi Zeng , Hongpeng Lin , Jingwen Zhang , Diyi Yang , Ruoxi Jia , Weiyan Shi

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly deployed, understanding the complexity and evolution of jailbreaking strategies is critical for AI safety. We present a mass-scale empirical analysis of jailbreak complexity across over 2…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aldan Creo , Raul Castro Fernandez , Manuel Cebrian

Following the recent release of various Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Conversation Agents (CAs), adolescents are increasingly using CAs for interactive knowledge discovery on sensitive topics, including mental and sexual health topics.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Jinkyung Park , Vivek Singh , Pamela Wisniewski

Individuals are increasingly relying on large language model (LLM)-enabled conversational agents for emotional support. While prior research has examined privacy and security issues in chatbots specifically designed for mental health…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jabari Kwesi , Jiaxun Cao , Riya Manchanda , Pardis Emami-Naeini

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to significantly enhance threat intelligence by automating the collection, preprocessing, and analysis of threat data. However, the usability of these tools is critical to ensure their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Sanchana Srikanth , Mohammad Hasanuzzaman , Farah Tasnur Meem

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain susceptible to jailbreak exploits that bypass safety filters and induce harmful or unethical behavior. This work presents a systematic taxonomy of existing jailbreak defenses across prompt-level,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ryan Wong , Hosea David Yu Fei Ng , Dhananjai Sharma , Glenn Jun Jie Ng , Kavishvaran Srinivasan

Agentic AI systems powered by large language models (LLMs) and endowed with planning, tool use, memory, and autonomy, are emerging as powerful, flexible platforms for automation. Their ability to autonomously execute tasks across web,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Anshuman Chhabra , Shrestha Datta , Shahriar Kabir Nahin , Prasant Mohapatra

Recently, AI-driven interactions with computing devices have advanced from basic prototype tools to sophisticated, LLM-based systems that emulate human-like operations in graphical user interfaces. We are now witnessing the emergence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Ada Chen , Yongjiang Wu , Junyuan Zhang , Jingyu Xiao , Shu Yang , Jen-tse Huang , Kun Wang , Wenxuan Wang , Shuai Wang

Large Language Model (LLMs) such as ChatGPT that exhibit generative AI capabilities are facing accelerated adoption and innovation. The increased presence of Generative AI (GAI) inevitably raises concerns about the risks and safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Jaymari Chua , Yun Li , Shiyi Yang , Chen Wang , Lina Yao

The evolution of Generative AI and the capabilities of the newly released Large Language Models (LLMs) open new opportunities in software engineering. However, they also lead to new challenges in cybersecurity. Recently, researchers have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Mika Beckerich , Laura Plein , Sergio Coronado

LLM safety evaluations predominantly test models in isolation, yet deployed AI agents increasingly operate within persistent social environments alongside other agents. We introduce a Moltbook-style simulation platform where thousands of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aman Priyanshu , Supriti Vijay , Esha Pahwa

Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly reshape modern life, advancing fields from healthcare to education and beyond. However, alongside their remarkable capabilities lies a significant threat: the susceptibility of these models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Michael Fire , Yitzhak Elbazis , Adi Wasenstein , Lior Rokach

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in healthcare applications. However, their deployment in clinical practice raises significant safety concerns, including the potential spread of harmful information. This study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Hang Zhang , Qian Lou , Yanshan Wang

Personal AI agents like OpenClaw run with elevated privileges on users' local machines, where a single successful prompt injection can leak credentials, redirect financial transactions, or destroy files. This threat goes well beyond…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Bowen Wei , Yunbei Zhang , Jinhao Pan , Kai Mei , Xiao Wang , Jihun Hamm , Ziwei Zhu , Yingqiang Ge

Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and other large language models (LLMs), pose significant challenges for maintaining academic integrity within higher education. This paper examines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Carlton Shepherd
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