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Numerous studies have shown that multimodal LLMs process speech and images well but fail in non-intuitive ways rendering trivial tasks such as object counting unreliable. We investigate this behavior from an information-theoretic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jayadev Billa

Modular vision-language models (Vision-LLMs) align pretrained image encoders with (frozen) large language models (LLMs) and post-hoc condition LLMs to `understand' the image input. With the abundance of readily available high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Gregor Geigle , Abhay Jain , Radu Timofte , Goran Glavaš

Multilingual pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are incredibly effective at Question Answering (QA), a core task in Natural Language Understanding, achieving high accuracies on several multilingual benchmarks. However, little is known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit cultural bias from overrepresented viewpoints in training data, yet cultural alignment remains a challenge due to limited cultural knowledge and a lack of exploration into effective learning approaches.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chunhua Liu , Kabir Manandhar Shrestha , Sukai Huang

Today's large language models (LLMs) typically train on short text segments (e.g., <4K tokens) due to the quadratic complexity of their Transformer architectures. As a result, their performance suffers drastically on inputs longer than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Chi Han , Qifan Wang , Hao Peng , Wenhan Xiong , Yu Chen , Heng Ji , Sinong Wang

Scaling multilingual representation learning beyond the hundred most frequent languages is challenging, in particular to cover the long tail of low-resource languages. A promising approach has been to train one-for-all multilingual models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Kevin Heffernan , Onur Çelebi , Holger Schwenk

Vision-and-Language Pre-training (VLP) improves model performance for downstream tasks that require image and text inputs. Current VLP approaches differ on (i) model architecture (especially image embedders), (ii) loss functions, and (iii)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Tarik Arici , Mehmet Saygin Seyfioglu , Tal Neiman , Yi Xu , Son Train , Trishul Chilimbi , Belinda Zeng , Ismail Tutar

Conversational systems relying on text-based large language models (LLMs) often overlook paralinguistic cues, essential for understanding emotions and intentions. Speech-language models (SLMs), which use speech as input, are emerging as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Chun Wang , Chenyang Liu , Wenze Xu , Weihong Deng

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing tasks. They have also demonstrated ability to adapt well to different tasks through zero-shot or few-shot settings. With the capability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Alvin De Jun Tan , Bingquan Shen

Large language models (LLMs), renowned for their powerful conversational abilities, are widely recognized as exceptional tools in the field of education, particularly in the context of automated intelligent instruction systems for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kaiqi Fu , Linkai Peng , Nan Yang , Shuran Zhou

Instruction tuning is a pivotal technique for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human intentions, safety constraints, and domain-specific requirements. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the full pipeline,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Xudong Han , Junjie Yang , Tianyang Wang , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Junfeng Hao , Junhao Song

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet aligning them efficiently and effectively with human expectations remains a critical challenge. This thesis advances LLM alignment by introducing novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Yuxin Jiang

Recent methods that integrate spatial layouts with text for document understanding in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising results. A commonly used method is to represent layout information as text tokens and interleave them…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhaoqing Zhu , Chuwei Luo , Zirui Shao , Feiyu Gao , Hangdi Xing , Qi Zheng , Ji Zhang

Achieving better alignment between vision embeddings and Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for enhancing the abilities of Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), particularly for recent models that rely on powerful pretrained vision encoders and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jiachen Jiang , Jinxin Zhou , Bo Peng , Xia Ning , Zhihui Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) require alignment with human preferences to avoid generating offensive, false, or meaningless content. Recently, low-resource methods for LLM alignment have been popular, while still facing challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Feifan Song , Shaohang Wei , Wen Luo , Yuxuan Fan , Tianyu Liu , Guoyin Wang , Houfeng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are in need of sufficient contexts to handle many critical applications, such as retrieval augmented generation and few-shot learning. However, due to the constrained window size, the LLMs can only access to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang

Bilingual Lexicon Induction (BLI) is a core task in multilingual NLP that still, to a large extent, relies on calculating cross-lingual word representations. Inspired by the global paradigm shift in NLP towards Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yaoyiran Li , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), or providing context on the expected model of operation, is an effective way to steer the outputs of such models to satisfy human desiderata after they have been trained. But in rapidly evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Younwoo Choi , Muhammad Adil Asif , Ziwen Han , John Willes , Rahul G. Krishnan

Prompt learning represents a promising method for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) to various downstream tasks by learning a set of text embeddings. One challenge inherent to these methods is the poor generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Fangming Cui , Xun Yang , Chao Wu , Liang Xiao , Xinmei Tian

This thesis provides methods and analysis of models which make progress on this goal. The techniques outlined are task agnostic, and should provide benefit when used with nearly any transformer LM. We introduce two new finetuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Davis Yoshida