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The $k$-nearest neighbor ($k$-NN) algorithm is one of the most popular methods for nonparametric classification. However, a relevant limitation concerns the definition of the number of neighbors $k$. This parameter exerts a direct impact on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Alexandre Luís Magalhães Levada , Frank Nielsen , Michel Ferreira Cardia Haddad

Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) search has become fundamental to modern AI infrastructure, powering recommendation systems, search engines, and large language models across industry leaders from Google to OpenAI. Hierarchical Navigable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ganap Ashit Tewary , Nrusinga Charan Gantayat , Jeff Zhang

Vector search underpins modern information-retrieval systems, including retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipelines and search engines over unstructured text and images. As datasets scale to billions of vectors, disk-based vector search…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Nam Anh Dang , Ben Landrum , Ken Birman

Similarity search is a fundamental algorithmic primitive, widely used in many computer science disciplines. Given a set of points $S$ and a radius parameter $r>0$, the $r$-near neighbor ($r$-NN) problem asks for a data structure that, given…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Martin Aumüller , Sariel Har-Peled , Sepideh Mahabadi , Rasmus Pagh , Francesco Silvestri

In this paper we present an efficient method for visual descriptors retrieval based on compact hash codes computed using a multiple k-means assignment. The method has been applied to the problem of approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-11 Simone Ercoli , Marco Bertini , Alberto Del Bimbo

Inspired by recent advances in retrieval augmented methods in NLP~\citep{khandelwal2019generalization,khandelwal2020nearest,meng2021gnn}, in this paper, we introduce a $k$ nearest neighbor NER ($k$NN-NER) framework, which augments the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Shuhe Wang , Xiaoya Li , Yuxian Meng , Tianwei Zhang , Rongbin Ouyang , Jiwei Li , Guoyin Wang

In a network, a $k$-plex represents a subset of $n$ vertices where the degree of each vertex in the subnetwork induced by this subset is at least $n-k$. The maximum edge-weight $k$-plex partitioning problem (Max-EkPP) is to find the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Milana Grbić , Aleksandar Kartelj , Savka Janković , Dragan Matić , Vladimir Filipović

Efficient Nearest Neighbor (NN) search in high-dimensional spaces is a foundation of many multimedia retrieval systems. A common approach is to rely on Product Quantization, which allows the storage of large vector databases in memory and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Fabien André , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Nicolas Le Scouarnec

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) in high-dimensional vector spaces has a wide range of real-world applications. Numerous methods have been proposed to handle ANNS efficiently, while graph-based indexes have gained prominence due…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zhonggen Li , Xiangyu Ke , Yifan Zhu , Bocheng Yu , Baihua Zheng , Yunjun Gao

Approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high-dimensional spaces is a foundational component of many modern retrieval and recommendation systems. Currently, almost all algorithms follow an $\epsilon$-Recall-Bounded principle when…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Liming Xiang , Jing Feng , Ziqi Yin , Zijian Li , Daihao Xue , Hongchao Qin , Ronghua Li , Guoren Wang

Exact nearest neighbor search is a computationally intensive process, and even its simpler sibling -- vector retrieval -- can be computationally complex. This is exacerbated when retrieving vectors which have high-dimension $d$ relative to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Richard Zhu

We are in the era where the Big Data analytics has changed the way of interpreting the various biomedical phenomena, and as the generated data increase, the need for new machine learning methods to handle this evolution grows. An indicative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Panagiotis Anagnostou , Petros T. Barmbas , Aristidis G. Vrahatis , Sotiris K. Tasoulis

Approximate nearest neighbor search (ANNS) is an essential building block for applications like RAG but can sometimes yield results that are overly similar to each other. In certain scenarios, search results should be similar to the query…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yusuke Matsui

We study the Approximate Nearest Neighbor (ANN) problem under a powerful adaptive adversary that controls both the dataset and a sequence of $Q$ queries. Primarily, for the high-dimensional regime of $d = \omega(\sqrt{Q})$, we introduce a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Alexandr Andoni , Themistoklis Haris , Esty Kelman , Krzysztof Onak

Graph-based approaches are empirically shown to be very successful for the nearest neighbor search (NNS). However, there has been very little research on their theoretical guarantees. We fill this gap and rigorously analyze the performance…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Liudmila Prokhorenkova , Aleksandr Shekhovtsov

Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS) for high-dimensional vectors is pivotal across databases, information retrieval, and artificial intelligence. Existing methods either reduce MIPS to Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) while suffering from…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Tingyang Chen , Cong Fu , Kun Wang , Xiangyu Ke , Yunjun Gao , Wenchao Zhou , Yabo Ni , Anxiang Zeng

Artificial neural network (NN) architecture design is a nontrivial and time-consuming task that often requires a high level of human expertise. Neural architecture search (NAS) serves to automate the design of NN architectures and has…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Reinhard Booysen , Anna Sergeevna Bosman

Nearest Neighbor Search (NNS) is a central task in knowledge representation, learning, and reasoning. There is vast literature on efficient algorithms for constructing data structures and performing exact and approximate NNS. This paper…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-10 Blake Mason , Ardhendu Tripathy , Robert Nowak

In recent years, the dominant accuracy metric for vector search is the recall of a result list of fixed size (top-k retrieval), considering as ground truth the exact vector retrieval results. Although convenient to compute, this metric is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Gergely Szilvasy , Pierre-Emmanuel Mazaré , Matthijs Douze

Dense subgraph discovery methods are routinely used in a variety of applications including the identification of a team of skilled individuals for collaboration from a social network. However, when the network's node set is associated with…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Atsushi Miyauchi , Tianyi Chen , Konstantinos Sotiropoulos , Charalampos E. Tsourakakis