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Competing firms tend to select similar locations for their stores. This phenomenon, called the principle of minimum differentiation, was captured by Hotelling with a landmark model of spatial competition but is still the object of an…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Matthias Feldotto , Pascal Lenzner , Louise Molitor , Alexander Skopalik

A hybrid simulation-based framework involving system dynamics and agent-based simulation is proposed to address duopoly game considering multiple strategic decision variables and rich payoff, which cannot be addressed by traditional…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Dong Xu , Chao Meng , Qingpeng Zhang , Puneet Bhardwaj , Young-Jun Son

We study the problem of learning shared structure \emph{across} a sequence of dynamic pricing experiments for related products. We consider a practical formulation where the unknown demand parameters for each product come from an unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Hamsa Bastani , David Simchi-Levi , Ruihao Zhu

This paper studies the dynamic pricing mechanism for data products in demand-driven markets through a game-theoretic framework. We develop a three-tier Stackelberg game model to capture the hierarchical strategic interactions among key…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-29 Lijun Bo , Dongfang Yang , Shihua Wang

There has been substantial recent concern that pricing algorithms might learn to ``collude.'' Supra-competitive prices can emerge as a Nash equilibrium of repeated pricing games, in which sellers play strategies which threaten to punish…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Eshwar Ram Arunachaleswaran , Natalie Collina , Sampath Kannan , Aaron Roth , Juba Ziani

We propose a generalization of the Bass diffusion model in discrete-time that explicitly models the effect of price in adoption. Our model is different from earlier price-incorporated models and fits well to adoption data for various…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Yijin Wang , Subhonmesh Bose

Autonomous vehicles will be an integral part of ride-sharing services in the future. This setting differs from traditional ride-sharing marketplaces because of the absence of the supply side (drivers). However, it has far-reaching…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Diptangshu Sen , Arnob Ghosh

We consider continuous-time mean-field stochastic games with strategic complementarities. The interaction between the representative productive firm and the population of rivals comes through the price at which the produced good is sold and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-13 Jodi Dianetti , Salvatore Federico , Giorgio Ferrari , Giuseppe Floccari

In decision-dependent games, multiple players optimize their decisions under a data distribution that shifts with their joint actions, creating complex dynamics in applications like market pricing. A practical consequence of these dynamics…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Guangzheng Zhong , Yang Liu , Jiming Liu

We study dynamic pricing where a seller repeatedly interacts with a strategic, non-myopic buyer who has a fixed private valuation and discounts future utility. Prior work focused exclusively on posted-price mechanisms, which only extract…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Shiliang Zuo

We present a novel coalgebraic formulation of infinite extensive games. We define both the game trees and the strategy profiles by possibly infinite systems of corecursive equations. Certain strategy profiles are proved to be subgame…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-29 Samson Abramsky , Viktor Winschel

Motivated by recent progress on pricing in the AI literature, we study marketplaces that contain multiple vendors offering identical or similar products and unit-demand buyers with different valuations on these vendors. The objective of…

Nowadays, a significant share of the Business-to-Consumer sector is based on online platforms like Amazon and Alibaba and uses Artificial Intelligence for pricing strategies. This has sparked debate on whether pricing algorithms may tacitly…

General Economics · Economics 2024-06-05 Shidi Deng , Maximilian Schiffer , Martin Bichler

In society, mutual cooperation, defection, and asymmetric exploitative relationships are common. Whereas cooperation and defection are studied extensively in the literature on game theory, asymmetric exploitative relationships between…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-13 Yuma Fujimoto , Kunihiko Kaneko

In this paper, we focus on how to dynamically allocate a divisible resource fairly among n players who arrive and depart over time. The players may have general heterogeneous valuations over the resource. It is known that the exact…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Bo Li , Wenyang Li , Yingkai Li

Balancing convergence speed, generalization capability, and computational efficiency remains a core challenge in deep learning optimization. First-order gradient descent methods, epitomized by stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and Adam,…

An oligopoly is a market in which the price of goods is controlled by a few firms. Cournot introduced the simplest game-theoretic model of oligopoly, where profit-maximizing behavior of each firm results in market failure. Furthermore, when…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-09 Masahiko Ueda , Shoma Yagi , Genki Ichinose

This paper introduces alignment games, a new class of zero-sum games modeling strategic interventions where effectiveness depends on alignment with an underlying hidden state. Motivated by operational problems in medical diagnostics,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Pedro Cesar Lopes Gerum , Thomas Lidbetter

We study a game with \emph{strategic} vendors who own multiple items and a single buyer with a submodular valuation function. The goal of the vendors is to maximize their revenue via pricing of the items, given that the buyer will buy the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-04 Omer Lev , Joel Oren , Craig Boutilier , Jeffery S. Rosenschein

Stackelberg equilibrium is a solution concept in two-player games where the leader has commitment rights over the follower. In recent years, it has become a cornerstone of many security applications, including airport patrolling and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Chun Kai Ling , Noam Brown