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Physics-informed neural operators have emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving parametric partial differential equations (PDEs), particularly in the aerospace field, enabling the learning of solution operators that generalize across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jing Wang , Biao Chen , Hairun Xie , Rui Wang , Yifan Xia , Jifa Zhang , Hui Xu

Operator learning has emerged as a promising paradigm for approximating solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, conventional approaches typically rely on pointwise function discretizations, which often suffer…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Chuqi Chen , Yang Xiang , Weihong Zhang

Data-driven machine learning approaches are being increasingly used to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). They have shown particularly striking successes when training an operator, which takes as input a PDE in some family, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Tanya Marwah , Ashwini Pokle , J. Zico Kolter , Zachary C. Lipton , Jianfeng Lu , Andrej Risteski

We propose a very general framework for deriving rigorous bounds on the approximation error for physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and operator learning architectures such as DeepONets and FNOs as well as for physics-informed operator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Tim De Ryck , Siddhartha Mishra

We present a neural network-based method for solving linear and nonlinear partial differential equations, by combining the ideas of extreme learning machines (ELM), domain decomposition and local neural networks. The field solution on each…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-09-22 Suchuan Dong , Zongwei Li

Recent developments in mechanical, aerospace, and structural engineering have driven a growing need for efficient ways to model and analyse structures at much larger and more complex scales than before. While established numerical methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Rui Wu , Nikola Kovachki , Burigede Liu

We introduce the concept of data-driven finite element methods. These are finite-element discretizations of partial differential equations (PDEs) that resolve quantities of interest with striking accuracy, regardless of the underlying mesh…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Ignacio Brevis , Ignacio Muga , Kristoffer G. van der Zee

In this paper, we develop an adaptive high-order surface finite element method (FEM) incorporating the spectral deferred correction method for chain contour discretization to solve polymeric self-consistent field equations on general curved…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-03 Kai Jiang , Xin Wang , Jianggang Liu , Huayi Wei

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

This chapter provides an overview of state-of-the-art adaptive finite element methods (AFEMs) for the numerical solution of second-order elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs), where the primary focus is on the optimal interplay of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-11 Philipp Bringmann , Ani Miraçi , Dirk Praetorius

Numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) plays a vital role in various fields of science and engineering. In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for solving PDEs, leveraging their…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Shuo Ling , Wenjun Ying , Zhen Zhang

Machine learning based partial differential equations (PDEs) solvers have received great attention in recent years. Most progress in this area has been driven by deep neural networks such as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Chunyang Liao

The challenge of applying learned knowledge from one domain to solve problems in another related but distinct domain, known as transfer learning, is fundamental in operator learning models that solve Partial Differential Equations (PDEs).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Haoyang Jiang , Yongzhi Qu

This is a survey on the theory of adaptive finite element methods (AFEMs), which are fundamental in modern computational science and engineering but whose mathematical assessment is a formidable challenge. We present a self-contained and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-20 Andrea Bonito , Claudio Canuto , Ricardo H. Nochetto , Andreas Veeser

Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have opened new possibilities for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), yet robust performance in challenging regimes remains limited. In particular, singularly perturbed differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Jinsil Lee , Youngjoon Hong , Seungchan Ko , Jae Yong Lee

An innovative physics-guided learning algorithm for predicting the mechanical response of materials and structures is proposed in this paper. The key concept of the proposed study is based on the fact that physics models are governed by…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Houpu Yao , Yi Gao , Yongming Liu

The numerical simulation and optimization of technical systems described by partial differential equations is expensive, especially in multi-query scenarios in which the underlying equations have to be solved for different parameters. A…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Franziska Griese , Fabian Hoppe , Alexander Rüttgers , Philipp Knechtges

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown remarkable prospects in solving forward and inverse problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs still face the challenge of high computational cost in solving…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-01-22 Jiahao Song , Wenbo Cao , Weiwei Zhang

Data-driven discovery of partial differential equations (PDEs) has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Although significant progress has been made, certain unresolved issues remain. For example, for PDEs with high-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Hao Xu , Dongxiao Zhang , Nanzhe Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) approximate solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws into the loss function. In parameterized PDE families, variations in coefficients or boundary/initial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Beomchul Park , Minsu Koh , Heejo Kong , Seong-Whan Lee