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We approach the question "What is Consciousness?" in a new way, not as Descartes' "systematic doubt", but as how organisms find their way in their world. Finding one's way involves finding possible uses of features of the world that might…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-06-30 Stuart A. Kauffman , Andrea Roli

The last two decades have seen tremendous advances in Artificial Intelligence. The exponential growth in terms of computation capabilities has given us hope of developing humans like robots. The question is: are we there yet? Maybe not.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Madhav Agarwal , Siddhant Bansal

The growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into human cognition raises a fundamental question: does AI merely improve efficiency, or does it alter how we think? This study experimentally tested whether short-term exposure to…

As artificial intelligence systems become increasingly prevalent in education, a fundamental challenge emerges: how can we verify if an AI truly understands how students think and reason? Traditional evaluation methods like measuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Shashank Sonkar , Naiming Liu , Xinghe Chen , Richard G. Baraniuk

With the release of ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) the discussion about the intelligence, possibilities, and risks, of current and future models have seen large attention. This discussion included much debated scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Nils Körber , Silvan Wehrli , Christopher Irrgang

One of the main research areas in Artificial Intelligence is the coding of agents (programs) which are able to learn by themselves in any situation. This means that agents must be useful for purposes other than those they were created for,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-04 Javier Insa-Cabrera , Jose Hernandez-Orallo

The machinery of the human brain -- analog, probabilistic, embodied -- can be characterized computationally, but what machinery confers what computational powers? Any such system can be abstractly cast in terms of two computational…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-14 Richard Granger

A traditional approach to assessing emerging intelligence in the theory of intelligent systems is based on the similarity, "imitation" of human-like actions and behaviors, benchmarking the performance of intelligent systems on the scale of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Serge Dolgikh

Creative and disruptive insights (CDIs), such as the development of the theory of relativity, have punctuated human history, marking pivotal shifts in our intellectual trajectory. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 David Benrimoh , Nace Mikus , Ariel Rosenfeld

The article proposes a universal dual-axis intelligent systems assessment scale. The scale considers the properties of intelligent systems within the environmental context, which develops over time. In contrast to the frequent consideration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Oleg V. Kubryak , Sergey V. Kovalchuk , Nadezhda G. Bagdasaryan

A key objective in artificial intelligence (AI) development is to create systems that match or surpass human creativity. Although current AI models perform well across diverse creative tasks, it remains unclear whether these achievements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Man Zhang , Ying Li , Yang Peng , Yijia Sun , Wenxin Guo , Huiqing Hu , Shi Chen , Qingbai Zhao

In this paper we argue that no forms of Turing test are either necessary or sufficient to establish if a machine is conscious or not. Furthermore, from a modeling point of view, the problem is that the Turing test does not really provide…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Andras Lorincz , Gabor Szirtes

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought the artificial intelligence threat theory as well as the problem about how to evaluate the intelligence level of intelligent products. Both need to find a quantitative method to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Feng Liu , Yong Shi , Ying Liu

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of generating creative outputs are reshaping our understanding of creativity. This shift presents an opportunity for creativity researchers to reevaluate the key components of the creative…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jaan Aru

Intelligence is a crucial trait for species to find solutions within a limited number of trial-and-error attempts. Building on this idea, we introduce Survival Game as a framework to evaluate intelligence based on the number of failed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Jingtao Zhan , Jiahao Zhao , Jiayu Li , Yiqun Liu , Bo Zhang , Qingyao Ai , Jiaxin Mao , Hongning Wang , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma

As artificially intelligent systems become more anthropomorphic and pervasive, and their potential impact on humanity more urgent, discussions about the possibility of machine consciousness have significantly intensified, and it is…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-01 Nur Aizaan Anwar , Cosmin Badea

What makes an artificial system a good model of intelligence? The classical test proposed by Alan Turing focuses on behavior, requiring that an artificial agent's behavior be indistinguishable from that of a human. While behavioral…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-02-27 Jenelle Feather , Meenakshi Khosla , N. Apurva Ratan Murty , Aran Nayebi

Without an agreed-upon definition of intelligence, asking "is this system intelligent?"" is an untestable question. This lack of consensus hinders research, and public perception, on Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly since the rise…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Warisa Sritriratanarak , Paulo Garcia

There have been many attempts to solve the P versus NP problem. However, with a new proof method, P not equal NP can be proved. A time limit is set for an arbitrary Turing machine and an input word is rejected on a timeout. The time limit…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Reiner Czerwinski

In a 1950 article in Mind, decades before the existence of anything resembling an artificial intelligence system, Alan Turing addressed the question of how to test whether machines can think, or in modern terminology, whether a computer…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-11-11 David Harel
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