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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in complex tasks and interactive environments, yet their creativity remains underexplored. This paper introduces a simulation framework utilizing the game Balderdash to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Parsa Hejabi , Elnaz Rahmati , Alireza S. Ziabari , Preni Golazizian , Jesse Thomason , Morteza Dehghani

In this paper, we propose the use of the popular word-based board game Codenames as a suitable benchmark for evaluating the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Codenames presents a highly interesting challenge for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Matthew Stephenson , Matthew Sidji , Benoît Ronval

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards improves reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but many methods still rely on large human-labeled datasets. While self-play reduces this dependency, it often lacks explicit planning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yulin Peng , Xinxin Zhu , Chenxing Wei , Nianbo Zeng , Leilei Wang , Ying Tiffany He , F. Richard Yu

Large language models (LLMs) excel in many natural language tasks, yet they struggle with complex mathemat-ical problem-solving, particularly in symbolic reasoning and maintaining consistent output. This study evalu-ates 10 LLMs with 7 to 8…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Evgenii Evstafev

Large language models are quickly becoming the foundation for intelligent agents that are capable of using tools. However, training such agents is challenging because it requires human creation and annotation of a diverse set of tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yifei Zhou , Sergey Levine , Jason Weston , Xian Li , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

With software maintenance accounting for 50% of the cost of developing software, enhancing code quality and reliability has become more critical than ever. In response to this challenge, this doctoral research proposal aims to explore…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Fernando Vallecillos Ruiz

Online question-and-answer (Q\&A) systems based on the Large Language Model (LLM) have progressively diverged from recreational to professional use. This paper proposed a Multi-Agent framework with environmentally reinforcement learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Jiapeng Yu , Yuqian Wu , Yajing Zhan , Wenhao Guo , Zhou Xu , Raymond Lee

Large Language Model (LLM) based agents have proved their ability to perform complex tasks like humans. However, there is still a large gap between open-sourced LLMs and commercial models like the GPT series. In this paper, we focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dayuan Fu , Keqing He , Yejie Wang , Wentao Hong , Zhuoma Gongque , Weihao Zeng , Wei Wang , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Weiran Xu

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents have recently shown impressive capabilities in complex reasoning and tool use via multi-step interactions with their environments. While these agents have the potential to tackle complicated tasks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiaye Lin , Yifu Guo , Yuzhen Han , Sen Hu , Ziyi Ni , Licheng Wang , Mingguang Chen , Hongzhang Liu , Ronghao Chen , Yangfan He , Daxin Jiang , Binxing Jiao , Chen Hu , Huacan Wang

Recent months have seen the emergence of a powerful new trend in which large language models (LLMs) are augmented to become autonomous language agents capable of performing objective oriented multi-step tasks on their own, rather than…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have unveiled remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating both natural language and code, but LLM reasoning is prone to hallucination and struggle with complex, novel scenarios, often getting stuck…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Pieter Barnard

A broad use case of large language models (LLMs) is in goal-directed decision-making tasks (or "agent" tasks), where an LLM needs to not just generate completions for a given prompt, but rather make intelligent decisions over a multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Yifei Zhou , Andrea Zanette , Jiayi Pan , Sergey Levine , Aviral Kumar

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in recent years but are fundamentally limited by the underlying training data. To improve models beyond the training data, recent works have explored how LLMs can be used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Vighnesh Subramaniam , Yilun Du , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Antonio Torralba , Shuang Li , Igor Mordatch

As Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to both research and daily operations, rigorous evaluation is crucial. This assessment is important not only for individual tasks but also for understanding their societal impact and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zeeshan Rasheed , Muhammad Waseem , Kari Systä , Pekka Abrahamsson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in general natural language processing tasks but often fall short in complex reasoning tasks. Recent studies have explored human-like problem-solving strategies, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Zhenran Xu , Senbao Shi , Baotian Hu , Jindi Yu , Dongfang Li , Min Zhang , Yuxiang Wu

Lifelong learning is essential for intelligent agents operating in dynamic environments. Current large language model (LLM)-based agents, however, remain stateless and unable to accumulate or transfer knowledge over time. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Junhao Zheng , Xidi Cai , Qiuke Li , Duzhen Zhang , ZhongZhi Li , Yingying Zhang , Le Song , Qianli Ma

There is an growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) in multi-agent systems to tackle interactive real-world tasks that require effective collaboration and assessing complex situations. Yet, we still have a limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Sahar Abdelnabi , Amr Gomaa , Sarath Sivaprasad , Lea Schönherr , Mario Fritz

Game environments provide rich, controllable settings that stimulate many aspects of real-world complexity. As such, game agents offer a valuable testbed for exploring capabilities relevant to Artificial General Intelligence. Recently, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Gaowen Liu , Ramana Rao Kompella , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Yichang Xu , Zachary Yahn , Ling Liu

While LLM-Based agents, which use external tools to solve complex problems, have made significant progress, benchmarking their ability is challenging, thereby hindering a clear understanding of their limitations. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chuyu Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Yingfan Hu , Haowen Shen , Kuikun Liu , Zerun Ma , Fengzhe Zhou , Wenwei Zhang , Xuming He , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on complex reasoning tasks such as competitive programming (CP), existing methods predominantly focus on single-attempt settings, overlooking their capacity for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Shaopeng Fu , Xingxing Zhang , Li Dong , Di Wang , Furu Wei