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The task of Text-to-SQL enables anyone to retrieve information from SQL databases using natural language. While this task has made substantial progress, the two primary evaluation metrics - Execution Accuracy (EXE) and Exact Set Matching…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Benjamin G. Ascoli , Yasoda Sai Ram Kandikonda , Jinho D. Choi

We introduce a framework for generating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) rationales to enhance text-to-SQL model fine-tuning. These rationales consist of intermediate SQL statements and explanations, serving as incremental steps toward constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Gaetano Rossiello , Nhan Pham , Michael Glass , Junkyu Lee , Dharmashankar Subramanian

Text-to-SQL systems often struggle with deep contextual understanding, particularly for complex queries with subtle requirements. We present PV-SQL, an agentic framework that addresses these failures through two complementary components:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuan Tian , Tianyi Zhang

Confidence estimation for text-to-SQL aims to assess the reliability of model-generated SQL queries without having access to gold answers. We study this problem in the context of large language models (LLMs), where access to model weights…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Sepideh Entezari Maleki , Mohammadreza Pourreza , Davood Rafiei

Text-to-SQL generation enables non-experts to interact with databases via natural language. Recent advances rely on large closed-source models like GPT-4 that present challenges in accessibility, privacy, and latency. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Satya Krishna Gorti , Ilan Gofman , Zhaoyan Liu , Jiapeng Wu , Noël Vouitsis , Guangwei Yu , Jesse C. Cresswell , Rasa Hosseinzadeh

Text-to-SQL enables non-experts to retrieve data from databases by converting natural language queries into SQL. However, state-of-the-art text-to-SQL studies rely on the BIRD dataset, which assumes that evidence is provided along with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Janghyeon Yun , Sang-goo Lee

Relational databases are foundational to numerous domains, including business intelligence, scientific research, and enterprise systems. However, accessing and analyzing structured data often requires proficiency in SQL, which is a skill…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Luyu Qiu , Jianing Li , Chi Su , Lei Chen

Tables provide valuable knowledge that can be used to verify textual statements. While a number of works have considered table-based fact verification, direct alignments of tabular data with tokens in textual statements are rarely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Fei Wang , Kexuan Sun , Jay Pujara , Pedro Szekely , Muhao Chen

The task of SQL query equivalence checking is important in various real-world applications (including query rewriting and automated grading) that involve complex queries with integrity constraints; yet, state-of-the-art techniques are very…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yang He , Pinhan Zhao , Xinyu Wang , Yuepeng Wang

Text-to-SQL bridges the gap between natural language and structured database language, thus allowing non-technical users to easily query databases. Traditional approaches model text-to-SQL as a direct translation task, where a given Natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Anurag Tripathi , Vaibhav Patle , Abhinav Jain , Ayush Pundir , Sairam Menon , Ajeet Kumar Singh , Dorien Herremans

Text-to-SQL systems powered by Large Language Models have excelled on academic benchmarks but struggle in complex enterprise environments. The primary limitation lies in their reliance on static schema representations, which fails to…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Bowen Cao , Weibin Liao , Yushi Sun , Dong Fang , Haitao Li , Wai Lam

The goal of database question answering is to enable natural language querying of real-life relational databases in diverse application domains. Recently, large-scale datasets such as Spider and WikiSQL facilitated novel modeling techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Oleksandr Polozov , Matthew Richardson

NoSQL databases have become increasingly popular due to their outstanding performance in handling large-scale, unstructured, and semi-structured data, highlighting the need for user-friendly interfaces to bridge the gap between…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jinwei Lu , Yuanfeng Song , Zhiqian Qin , Haodi Zhang , Chen Zhang , Raymond Chi-Wing Wong

While large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on text-to-SQL parsing, they sometimes exhibit unexpected failures in which they are confidently incorrect. Building trustworthy text-to-SQL systems thus requires eliciting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Terrance Liu , Shuyi Wang , Daniel Preotiuc-Pietro , Yash Chandarana , Chirag Gupta

Reliable evaluation of modern zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS) models remains challenging. Subjective tests are costly and hard to reproduce, while objective metrics often saturate, failing to distinguish SOTA systems. To address this, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Shengfan Shen , Di Wu , Xingchen Song , Dinghao Zhou , Liumeng Xue , Meng Meng , Jian Luan , Shuai Wang

Translating users' natural language queries (NL) into SQL queries (i.e., Text-to-SQL, a.k.a. NL2SQL) can significantly reduce barriers to accessing relational databases and support various commercial applications. The performance of…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xinyu Liu , Shuyu Shen , Boyan Li , Peixian Ma , Runzhi Jiang , Yuxin Zhang , Ju Fan , Guoliang Li , Nan Tang , Yuyu Luo

In recent years,Text-to-SQL, the problem of automatically converting questions posed in natural language to formal SQL queries, has emerged as an important problem at the intersection of natural language processing and data management…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Ke Shen , Mayank Kejriwal

Modern text simplification (TS) heavily relies on the availability of gold standard data to build machine learning models. However, existing studies show that parallel TS corpora contain inaccurate simplifications and incorrect alignments.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Laura Vásquez-Rodríguez , Matthew Shardlow , Piotr Przybyła , Sophia Ananiadou

Text-to-SQL enables users to interact with databases through natural language, simplifying the retrieval and synthesis of information. Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in converting natural language questions into SQL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Oleg Somov , Elena Tutubalina

We introduce SQLSpace, a human-interpretable, generalizable, compact representation for text-to-SQL examples derived with minimal human intervention. We demonstrate the utility of these representations in evaluation with three use cases:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Neha Srikanth , Victor Bursztyn , Puneet Mathur , Ani Nenkova