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As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly popular, caching responses so that they can be reused by users with semantically similar queries has become a vital strategy for reducing inference costs and latency. Existing caching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Baran Atalar , Xutong Liu , Jinhang Zuo , Siwei Wang , Wei Chen , Carlee Joe-Wong

This report investigates enhancing semantic caching effectiveness by employing specialized, fine-tuned embedding models. Semantic caching relies on embedding similarity rather than exact key matching, presenting unique challenges in…

Semantic caching enhances the efficiency of large language model (LLM) systems by identifying semantically similar queries, storing responses once, and serving them for subsequent equivalent requests. However, existing semantic caching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Shervin Ghaffari , Zohre Bahranifard , Mohammad Akbari

Mobile edge Large Language Model (LLM) deployments face inherent constraints, such as limited computational resources and network bandwidth. Although Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates some challenges by integrating external…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Guangyuan Liu , Yinqiu Liu , Jiacheng Wang , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) rely on Key-Value (KV) cache to reduce time-to-first-token (TTFT) latency, but existing disk-based KV cache systems using file-per-object layouts suffer from severe scalability bottlenecks due to file system…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Weiping Yu , Ye Jiarui , He Mengke , Junfeng Liu , Siqiang Luo

Multi-agent LLM systems have become the dominant production workload, but the serving stack was not built for them. The agent framework above knows agent identities, role, schemas, and dispatch structure but never sees an engine-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Rui Zhang , Chaeeun Kim , Liting Hu

Hosting diverse large language model workloads in a unified resource pool through co-location is cost-effective. For example, long-running chat services generally follow diurnal traffic patterns, which inspire co-location of batch jobs to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ping Zhang , Lei Su , Jinjie Yang , Xin Chen

Long context capability is a crucial competency for large language models (LLMs) as it mitigates the human struggle to digest long-form texts. This capability enables complex task-solving scenarios such as book summarization, code…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jiayi Yuan , Hongyi Liu , Shaochen Zhong , Yu-Neng Chuang , Songchen Li , Guanchu Wang , Duy Le , Hongye Jin , Vipin Chaudhary , Zhaozhuo Xu , Zirui Liu , Xia Hu

Prefix caching is a key optimization in Large Language Model (LLM) serving, reusing attention Key-Value (KV) states across requests with shared prompt prefixes to reduce expensive prefill computation. However, its benefit depends critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shaoke Fang , Ziang Li , Wenfei Wu , Jiatong Ji , Qingsong Liu , Ruizhi Pu

Concept learning is a form of supervised machine learning that operates on knowledge bases in description logics. State-of-the-art concept learners often rely on an iterative search through a countably infinite concept space. In each…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-13 Louis Mozart Kamdem Teyou , Caglar Demir , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

The development of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized automated code generation. However, their high demand of computation resources has hindered a broader deployment and raised environmental concerns. A common strategy for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Xiangyu Zhang , Yu Zhou , Guang Yang , Harald C. Gall , Taolue Chen

Incorporating external knowledge in large language models (LLMs) enhances their utility across diverse applications, but existing methods have trade-offs. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) fetches evidence via similarity search, but key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Giulio Corallo , Orion Weller , Fabio Petroni , Paolo Papotti

Prefix caching is a key latency optimization for autoregressive LLM serving, yet existing systems assume dense per-token key/value reuse. State-space models change the structure of the problem: a recurrent layer can resume from a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mikhail Shirokikh , Sergey Nikolenko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become increasingly popular, transforming a wide range of applications across various domains. However, the real-world effectiveness of their query cache systems has not been thoroughly investigated. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jiaxing Li , Chi Xu , Feng Wang , Isaac M von Riedemann , Cong Zhang , Jiangchuan Liu

Memory constraints in long-running agents require structured management of accumulated facts while preserving essential information under bounded context limits. We introduce HTM-EAR, a hierarchical tiered memory substrate that integrates…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Shubham Kumar Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) apply uniform computation to all tokens, despite language exhibiting highly non-uniform information density. This token-uniform regime wastes capacity on locally predictable spans while under-allocating…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to plan, reason, and execute tasks across diverse scenarios. In use cases like repeatable workflows and agentic settings, prompts are often reused with minor variations while having a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Sarthak Chakraborty , Suman Nath , Xuchao Zhang , Chetan Bansal , Indranil Gupta

The scaling of Large Language Model (LLM) services faces significant cost and latency challenges, making effective caching under tight capacity crucial. Existing cache replacement policies, from heuristics to learning-based methods,…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Yuchong Wu , Zihuan Xu , Wangze Ni , Peng Cheng , Lei Chen , Xuemin Lin , Heng Tao Shen , Kui Ren

Key-value (KV) caching is critical for efficient inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its memory footprint scales linearly with context length, resulting in a severe scalability bottleneck. Existing approaches largely treat KV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gradwell Dzikanyanga , Weihao Yang , Hao Huang , Donglei Wu , Shihao Wang , Wen Xia , Sanjeeb K C

Long-context LLMs demand accurate inference at low latency, yet decoding becomes primarily constrained by KV cache as context grows. Prior pruning methods are largely context-agnostic: their token selection ignores step-wise relevance and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Chao Fei , Guozhong Li , Chenxi Liu , Panos Kalnis