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The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is a foundational measure for comparing probability distributions. Yet in multivariate settings, its single value often obscures the underlying reasons for divergence, conflating mismatches in individual…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-06 William Cook

The characteristic function of the folded normal distribution and its moment function are derived. The entropy of the folded normal distribution and the Kullback--Leibler from the normal and half normal distributions are approximated using…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-17 Michail Tsagris , Christina Beneki , Hossein Hassani

This paper develops a smooth test of goodness-of-fit for elliptical distributions. The test is adaptively omnibus, invariant to affine-linear transformations and has a convenient expression that can be broken into components. These…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Gilles R. Ducharme , Pierre Lafaye de Micheaux

Estimating Kullback-Leibler divergence from identical and independently distributed samples is an important problem in various domains. One simple and effective estimator is based on the k nearest neighbor distances between these samples.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Puning Zhao , Lifeng Lai

In shape-constrained nonparametric inference, it is often necessary to perform preliminary tests to verify whether a probability mass function (p.m.f.) satisfies qualitative constraints such as monotonicity, convexity, or in general…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Fadoua Balabdaoui , Antonio Di Noia

This paper investigates improved testing inferences under a general multivariate elliptical regression model. The model is very flexible in terms of the specification of the mean vector and the dispersion matrix, and of the choice of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-01 T. F. N. Melo , S. L. P. Ferrari , A. G. Patriota

In this paper, we consider the problem of testing the equality of two multivariate distributions based on geometric graphs constructed using the interpoint distances between the observations. These include the tests based on the minimum…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-03 Bhaswar B. Bhattacharya

We construct new testing procedures for spherical and elliptical symmetry based on the characterization that a random vector $X$ with finite mean has a spherical distribution if and only if $\Ex[u^\top X | v^\top X] = 0$ holds for any two…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-29 Isaia Albisetti , Fadoua Balabdaoui , Hajo Holzmann

We study the problem of closeness testing for continuous distributions and its implications for causal discovery. Specifically, we analyze the sample complexity of distinguishing whether two multidimensional continuous distributions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Fateme Jamshidi , Sina Akbari , Negar Kiyavash

Although the assumption of elliptical symmetry is quite common in multivariate analysis and widespread in a number of applications, the problem of testing the null hypothesis of ellipticity so far has not been addressed in a fully…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-20 Sladana Babic , Laetitia Gelbgras , Marc Hallin , Christophe Ley

In this paper we propose the use of $\phi$-divergences as test statistics to verify simple hypotheses about a one-dimensional parametric diffusion process $\de X_t = b(X_t, \theta)\de t + \sigma(X_t, \theta)\de W_t$, from discrete…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-08-22 Alessandro De Gregorio , Stefano Iacus

Estimating Kullback Leibler (KL) divergence from samples of two distributions is essential in many machine learning problems. Variational methods using neural network discriminator have been proposed to achieve this task in a scalable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Sandesh Ghimire , Aria Masoomi , Jennifer Dy

We give highly efficient algorithms, and almost matching lower bounds, for a range of basic statistical problems that involve testing and estimating the L_1 distance between two k-modal distributions $p$ and $q$ over the discrete domain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-12-26 Constantinos Daskalakis , Ilias Diakonikolas , Rocco A. Servedio , Gregory Valiant , Paul Valiant

The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is a fundamental equation of information theory that quantifies the proximity of two probability distributions. Although difficult to understand by examining the equation, an intuition and understanding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-09 Jonathon Shlens

In previous work the authors defined the k-th order simplicial distance between probability distributions which arises naturally from a measure of dispersion based on the squared volume of random simplices of dimension k. This theory is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-06 Luc Pronzato , Henry Wynn , Anatoly Zhigljavsky

We introduce estimation and test procedures through divergence minimization for models satisfying linear constraints with unknown parameter. Several statistical examples and motivations are given. These procedures extend the empirical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-11-24 Michel Broniatowski , Amor Keziou

The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is frequently used in data science. For discrete distributions on large state spaces, approximations of probability vectors may result in a few small negative entries, rendering the KL divergence…

We provide a unified framework for independence and mean independence tests based on the Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion, extending some previous results in the literature to hold in general topological spaces. We also present a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-01 Daniel Diz-Castro , Manuel Febrero-Bande , Wenceslao González-Manteiga

In this paper, we study the statistical and geometrical properties of the Kullback-Leibler divergence with kernel covariance operators (KKL) introduced by Bach [2022]. Unlike the classical Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence that involves…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-12 Clémentine Chazal , Anna Korba , Francis Bach

For the universal hypothesis testing problem, where the goal is to decide between the known null hypothesis distribution and some other unknown distribution, Hoeffding proposed a universal test in the nineteen sixties. Hoeffding's universal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Jayakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Dayu Huang , Sean Meyn , Amit Surana , Venugopal Veeravalli