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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse vision-language tasks, yet their internal decision-making mechanisms remain insufficiently understood. Existing interpretability research has primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiawei Liang , Ruoyu Chen , Xianghao Jiao , Siyuan Liang , Shiming Liu , Qunli Zhang , Zheng Hu , Xiaochun Cao

Vision-Language Models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding visual content, yet systematic biases in their spatial processing remain largely unexplored. This work identifies and characterizes a systematic spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Aryan Chaudhary , Sanchit Goyal , Pratik Narang , Dhruv Kumar

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) extend large language models with visual understanding, but remain vulnerable to hallucination, where outputs are fluent yet inconsistent with images. Recent studies link this issue to language bias-the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yangneng Chen , Jing Li

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on standard visual reasoning benchmarks. However, there is growing concern that these models rely excessively on linguistic shortcuts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ziteng Wang , Yujie He , Guanliang Li , Siqi Yang , Jiaqi Xiong , Songxiang Liu

Understanding the mechanisms behind Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for designing improved models and strategies. While recent studies have yielded valuable insights into the mechanisms of textual LLMs, the mechanisms of Multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Zeping Yu , Sophia Ananiadou

Multi-modal Large Langue Models (MLLMs) often process thousands of visual tokens, which consume a significant portion of the context window and impose a substantial computational burden. Prior work has empirically explored visual token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Dingchen Yang , Bowen Cao , Anran Zhang , Weibo Gu , Winston Hu , Guang Chen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in multimodal tasks. Despite their impressive performance, MLLMs suffer from the modality imbalance issue, where visual information is often underutilized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Hengzhuang Li , Xinsong Zhang , Qiming Peng , Bin Luo , Han Hu , Dengyang Jiang , Han-Jia Ye , Teng Zhang , Hai Jin

With the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs), advanced multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated impressive zero-shot capabilities on vision-language tasks. In the biomedical domain, however, even…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Siyuan Dai , Lunxiao Li , Kun Zhao , Eardi Lila , Paul K. Crane , Heng Huang , Dongkuan Xu , Haoteng Tang , Liang Zhan

Multimodal language models (MLMs) perform well on semantic vision-language tasks but fail at spatial reasoning that requires adopting another agent's visual perspective. These errors reflect a persistent egocentric bias and raise questions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Bridget Leonard , Scott O. Murray

Clinical decision-making relies on the integrated analysis of medical images and the associated clinical reports. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can offer a unified framework for such tasks, they can exhibit strong biases toward one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 David Restrepo , Ira Ktena , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis , Enzo Ferrante

The recent developments in deep learning led to the integration of natural language processing (NLP) with computer vision, resulting in powerful integrated Vision and Language Models (VLMs). Despite their remarkable capabilities, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Harshit , Tolga Tasdizen

Understanding the mechanisms of information storage and transfer in Transformer-based models is important for driving model understanding progress. Recent work has studied these mechanisms for Large Language Models (LLMs), revealing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Samyadeep Basu , Martin Grayson , Cecily Morrison , Besmira Nushi , Soheil Feizi , Daniela Massiceti

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve strong cross-modal performance, yet recent evidence suggests they over-rely on textual descriptions while under-utilizing visual evidence -- a phenomenon termed ``text shortcut learning.'' We propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lijie Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multimodal tasks, without any multimodal finetuning. They are the building block for Large Multimodal Models, yet, we still lack a proper understanding of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Mustafa Shukor , Matthieu Cord

Vision-language models (VLMs) typically encode substantially more visual tokens than text tokens, resulting in significant token redundancy. Pruning uninformative visual tokens is therefore crucial for improving computational efficiency,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Kai Zhao , Wubang Yuan , Yuchen Lin , Liting Ruan , Xiaofeng Lu , Deng-Ping Fan , Ming-Ming Cheng , Dan Zeng

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) that integrate visual and textual reasoning leverage chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to tackle complex visual tasks, yet continue to exhibit visual hallucinations and an over-reliance on textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jing Bi , Guangyu Sun , Ali Vosoughi , Chen Chen , Chenliang Xu

Contrastively-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP have become the de facto approach for discriminative vision-language representation learning. However, these models have limited language understanding, often exhibiting a "bag…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Yassine Ouali , Adrian Bulat , Alexandros Xenos , Anestis Zaganidis , Ioannis Maniadis Metaxas , Brais Martinez , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have been shown to be blind, often underutilizing their visual inputs even on tasks that require visual reasoning. In this work, we demonstrate that VLMs are selectively blind. They modulate the amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Wan-Cyuan Fan , Jiayun Luo , Declan Kutscher , Leonid Sigal , Ritwik Gupta

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities in handling image-text inputs. A common way to assess this ability is through multiple-choice Visual Question Answering (VQA). Earlier works have already revealed that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fabio Rosenthal , Sebastian Schmidt , Thorsten Graf , Thorsten Bagodonat , Stephan Günnemann , Leo Schwinn

Recent advances in multimodal training have significantly improved the integration of image understanding and generation within a unified model. This study investigates how vision-language models (VLMs) handle image-understanding tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alessandro Pietro Serra , Francesco Ortu , Emanuele Panizon , Lucrezia Valeriani , Lorenzo Basile , Alessio Ansuini , Diego Doimo , Alberto Cazzaniga