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Deploying long-context large language models (LLMs) is essential but poses significant computational and memory challenges. Caching all Key and Value (KV) states across all attention heads consumes substantial memory. Existing KV cache…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Guangxuan Xiao , Jiaming Tang , Jingwei Zuo , Junxian Guo , Shang Yang , Haotian Tang , Yao Fu , Song Han

Recurrent LLM architectures have emerged as a promising approach for improving reasoning, as they enable multi-step computation in the embedding space without generating intermediate tokens. Models such as Ouro perform reasoning by…

Chunked prefill has become a widely adopted serving strategy for long-context large language models, but efficient attention computation in this regime remains challenging. Existing sparse attention methods are primarily designed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiwon Song , Dongwon Jo , Beomseok Kang , Jae-Joon Kim

Multi-head attention (MHA) has become the cornerstone of modern large language models, enhancing representational capacity through parallel attention heads. However, increasing the number of heads inherently weakens individual head…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhanchao Zhou , Xiaodong Chen , Haoxing Chen , Zhenzhong Lan , Jianguo Li

The development of computing has made credit scoring approaches possible, with various machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques becoming more and more valuable. While complex models yield more accurate predictions, their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Md Shihab Reza , Monirul Islam Mahmud , Ifti Azad Abeer , Nova Ahmed

Transformers and large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized machine learning, with attention mechanisms at the core of their success. As the landscape of attention variants expands, so too do the challenges of optimizing their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Feiyang Chen , Yu Cheng , Lei Wang , Yuqing Xia , Ziming Miao , Lingxiao Ma , Fan Yang , Jilong Xue , Zhi Yang , Mao Yang , Haibo Chen

Linear attention Transformers and their gated variants, celebrated for enabling parallel training and efficient recurrent inference, still fall short in recall-intensive tasks compared to traditional Transformers and demand significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yu Zhang , Songlin Yang , Ruijie Zhu , Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Yiqiao Wang , Bolun Wang , Freda Shi , Bailin Wang , Wei Bi , Peng Zhou , Guohong Fu

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved various aspects of our daily lives. These models have impacted numerous domains, from healthcare to education, enhancing productivity, decision-making processes, and accessibility. As…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Zhao Song , Guangyi Xu , Junze Yin

Vision-language models (VLMs) show remarkable performance in multimodal tasks. However, excessively long multimodal inputs lead to oversized Key-Value (KV) caches, resulting in significant memory consumption and I/O bottlenecks. Previous KV…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zunhai Su , Wang Shen , Linge Li , Zhe Chen , Hanyu Wei , Huangqi Yu , Kehong Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demand substantial computational resources, resulting in high energy consumption on GPUs. To address this challenge, we focus on Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Arrays (CGRAs) as an effective alternative that…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Takuto Ando , Yu Eto , Ayumu Takeuchi , Yasuhiko Nakashima

The quadratic cost of attention limits the scalability of long-context LLMs, especially under limited hardware memory budgets. While attention is often sparse, existing static sparse methods cannot adapt to task- or input-dependent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Siheng Xiong , Joe Zou , Faramarz Fekri , Yae Jee Cho

Processing long-context inputs with large language models presents a significant challenge due to the enormous memory requirements of the Key-Value (KV) cache during inference. Existing KV cache compression methods exhibit noticeable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Dongquan Yang , Yifan Yang , Xiaotian Yu , Xianbiao Qi , Rong Xiao

Attention operator has been widely used as a basic brick in visual understanding since it provides some flexibility through its adjustable kernels. However, this operator suffers from inherent limitations: (1) the attention kernel is not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Heeseung Kwon , Francisco M. Castro , Manuel J. Marin-Jimenez , Nicolas Guil , Karteek Alahari

Multi-scale deformable attention (MSDA) is a flexible and powerful feature extraction mechanism for visual tasks, but its random-access grid sampling strategy poses significant optimization challenges, especially on domain-specific…

Performance · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Chenghuan Huang , Zhigeng Xu , Chong Sun , Chen Li , Ziyang Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly require processing long text sequences, but GPU memory limitations force difficult trade-offs between memory capacity and bandwidth. While HBM-based acceleration offers high bandwidth, its capacity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Qingyuan Liu , Liyan Chen , Yanning Yang , Haocheng Wang , Dong Du , Zhigang Mao , Naifeng Jing , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), a widely used modeling framework for combinatorial optimization, are central to many scientific and engineering applications, yet remains computationally challenging at scale. Recent advances in deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Peixin Huang , Yaoxin Wu , Yining Ma , Cathy Wu , Wen Song , Wei Zhang

We revisit Deep Linear Discriminant Analysis (Deep LDA) from a likelihood-based perspective. While classical LDA is a simple Gaussian model with linear decision boundaries, attaching an LDA head to a neural encoder raises the question of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-23 Maxat Tezekbayev , Arman Bolatov , Zhenisbek Assylbekov

Linear Transformers have gained attention as efficient alternatives to standard Transformers, but their performance in retrieval and long-context tasks has been limited. To address these limitations, recent work has explored two distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Songlin Yang , Jan Kautz , Ali Hatamizadeh

In recent years, employing layer attention to enhance interaction among hierarchical layers has proven to be a significant advancement in building network structures. In this paper, we delve into the distinction between layer attention and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Kaishen Wang , Xun Xia , Jian Liu , Zhang Yi , Tao He

Large language models have revolutionized AI applications, yet their high computational and memory demands hinder their widespread deployment. Existing compression techniques focus on intra-block optimizations (e.g., low-rank approximation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Magauiya Zhussip , Dmitriy Shopkhoev , Ammar Ali , Stamatios Lefkimmiatis