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Quantum error mitigation is a key concept for the development of practical applications based on current noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. One of the most promising methods is Richardson extrapolation to the zero noise limit.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Michael Krebsbach , Björn Trauzettel , Alessio Calzona

Fighting against noise is crucial for NISQ devices to demonstrate practical quantum applications. In this work, we give a new paradigm of quantum error mitigation based on the vectorization of density matrices. Different from the ideas of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-22 Zhong-Xia Shang , Zi-Han Chen , Cai-Sheng Cheng

Characterization of quantum devices generates insights into their sources of disturbances. State-of-the-art characterization protocols often focus on incoherent noise and eliminate coherent errors when using Pauli or Clifford twirling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Noah Kaufmann , Ivan Rojkov , Florentin Reiter

Quantum error mitigation techniques mimic noiseless quantum circuits by running several related noisy circuits and combining their outputs in particular ways. How well such techniques work is thought to depend strongly on how noisy the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-12 David Layden , Bradley Mitchell , Karthik Siva

We present a unified approach to analyzing the cost of various quantum error mitigation methods on the basis of quantum estimation theory. By analyzing the quantum Fisher information matrix of a virtual quantum circuit that effectively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-31 Kento Tsubouchi , Takahiro Sagawa , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

We propose a quantum error mitigation scheme for single-qubit measurement errors, particularly suited for one-way quantum computation. Contrary to well established error mitigation methods for circuit-based quantum computation, that require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Tobias Hartung , Stephan Schuster , Joachim von Zanthier , Karl Jansen

Fault tolerant quantum computing methods which work with efficient quantum error correcting codes are discussed. Several new techniques are introduced to restrict accumulation of errors before or during the recovery. Classes of eligible…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Andrew M. Steane

Recent progress in quantum information has led to the start of several large national and industrial efforts to build a quantum computer. Researchers are now working to overcome many scientific and technological challenges. The program's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 John M. Martinis

In the current quantum computing paradigm, significant focus is placed on the reduction or mitigation of quantum decoherence. When designing new quantum processing units, the general objective is to reduce the amount of noise qubits are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Viacheslav Kuzmin , Wilfrid Somogyi , Ekaterina Pankovets , Alexey Melnikov

Maximizing the computational utility of near-term quantum processors requires predictive noise models that inform robust, noise-aware compilation and error mitigation. Conventional models often fail to capture the complex error dynamics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Yanjun Ji , Marco Roth , David A. Kreplin , Ilia Polian , Frank K. Wilhelm

In the early years of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), it is expected that the available code distance and the number of magic states will be restricted due to the limited scalability of quantum devices and the insufficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Yasunari Suzuki , Suguru Endo , Keisuke Fujii , Yuuki Tokunaga

Quantum computers are poised to radically outperform their classical counterparts by manipulating coherent quantum systems. A realistic quantum computer will experience errors due to the environment and imperfect control. When these errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-21 Joel J. Wallman , Joseph Emerson

We consider the quantum-control task of obtaining a target unitary operation via control fields that couple to the quantum system and are chosen to best mitigate errors resulting from time-dependent noise. We allow for two sources of noise:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Rafael Hipolito , Paul M. Goldbart

Quantum error mitigation (EM) is a family of hybrid quantum-classical methods for eliminating or reducing the effect of noise and decoherence on quantum algorithms run on quantum hardware, without applying quantum error correction (EC).…

This is an introduction to software methods of quantum fault tolerance. Broadly speaking, these methods describe strategies for using the noisy hardware components of a quantum computer to perform computations while continually monitoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-06 Panos Aliferis

Error mitigation is essential for unlocking the full potential of quantum algorithms and accelerating the timeline toward quantum advantage. As quantum hardware progresses to push the boundaries of classical simulation, efficient and robust…

Current hardware for quantum computing suffers from high levels of noise, and so to achieve practical fault-tolerant quantum computing will require powerful and efficient methods to correct for errors in quantum circuits. Here, we explore…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Aditya Jain , Pavithran Iyer , Stephen D. Bartlett , Joseph Emerson

Quantum simulation of dynamics is an important goal in the NISQ era, within which quantum error mitigation may be a viable path towards modifying or eliminating the effects of noise. Most studies on quantum error mitigation have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-31 Yue Ma , M. S. Kim

Overcoming the influence of noise and imperfections is a major challenge in quantum computing. Here, we present an approach based on applying a desired unitary computation in superposition between the system of interest and some auxiliary…

We propose a quantum error mitigation method termed self-mitigation, which is comparable with zero-noise extrapolation, to achieve quantum utility on near-term, noisy quantum computers. We investigate the effectiveness of several quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Seokwon Choi , Talal Ahmed Chowdhury , Kwangmin Yu