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We propose MC-CIM, a compute-in-memory (CIM) framework for robust, yet low power, Bayesian edge intelligence. Deep neural networks (DNN) with deterministic weights cannot express their prediction uncertainties, thereby pose critical risks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Priyesh Shukla , Shamma Nasrin , Nastaran Darabi , Wilfred Gomes , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) play a key role in deep learning applications. However, the large storage overheads and the substantial computation cost of CNNs are problematic in hardware accelerators. Computing-in-memory (CIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Syuan-Hao Sie , Jye-Luen Lee , Yi-Ren Chen , Chih-Cheng Lu , Chih-Cheng Hsieh , Meng-Fan Chang , Kea-Tiong Tang

Software-hardware co-design is essential for optimizing in-memory computing (IMC) hardware accelerators for neural networks. However, most existing optimization frameworks target a single workload, leading to highly specialized hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Olga Krestinskaya , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed Eltawil , Khaled N. Salama

Many modern and emerging applications must process increasingly large volumes of data. Unfortunately, prevalent computing paradigms are not designed to efficiently handle such large-scale data: the energy and performance costs to move this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Saugata Ghose , Amirali Boroumand , Jeremie S. Kim , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

PIM architectures aim to reduce data transfer costs between processors and memory by integrating processing units within memory layers. Prior PIM architectures have shown potential to improve energy efficiency and performance. However, such…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Parker Hao Tian , Zahra Yousefijamarani , Alaa Alameldeen

Processing large-scale graph datasets is computationally intensive and time-consuming. Processor-centric CPU and GPU architectures, commonly used for graph applications, often face bottlenecks caused by extensive data movement between the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Marzieh Barkhordar , Alireza Tabatabaeian , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Christina Giannoula , Juan Gomez Luna , Izzat El Hajj , Onur Mutlu , Alaa R. Alameldeen

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures are emerging to reduce data movement in data-intensive applications. These architectures seek to exploit the same physical devices for both information storage and logic, thereby dwarfing the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Orian Leitersdorf , Ronny Ronen , Shahar Kvatinsky

SRAM Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has emerged as the most promising implementation for high-performance PIM, delivering superior computing density, energy efficiency, and computational precision. However, the pursuit of higher performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuanpeng Zhang , Xing Hu , Xi Chen , Zhihang Yuan , Cong Li , Jingchen Zhu , Zhao Wang , Chenguang Zhang , Xin Si , Wei Gao , Qiang Wu , Runsheng Wang , Guangyu Sun

Computing-in-Memory (CIM) macros have gained popularity for deep learning acceleration due to their highly parallel computation and low power consumption. However, limited macro size and ADC precision introduce throughput and accuracy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ming-Han Lin , Tian-Sheuan Chang

The data partitioning and scheduling strategies used by DNN accelerators to leverage reuse and perform staging are known as dataflow, and they directly impact the performance and energy efficiency of DNN accelerator designs. An accelerator…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Hyoukjun Kwon , Prasanth Chatarasi , Michael Pellauer , Angshuman Parashar , Vivek Sarkar , Tushar Krishna

In today's data-centric world, where data fuels numerous application domains, with machine learning at the forefront, handling the enormous volume of data efficiently in terms of time and energy presents a formidable challenge. Conventional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Asif Ali Khan , João Paulo C. De Lima , Hamid Farzaneh , Jeronimo Castrillon

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures bring computation closer to data, reducing the processor-memory transfer bottleneck in traditional processor-centric designs. Novel hardware solutions, such as UPMEM's in-memory processing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Peterson Yuhala , Mpoki Mwaisela , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

Today's systems are overwhelmingly designed to move data to computation. This design choice goes directly against at least three key trends in systems that cause performance, scalability and energy bottlenecks: (1) data access from memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Onur Mutlu , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Rachata Ausavarungnirun

Real-world applications are now processing big-data sets, often bottlenecked by the data movement between the compute units and the main memory. Near-memory computing (NMC), a modern data-centric computational paradigm, can alleviate these…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Stefano Corda , Madhurya Kumaraswamy , Ahsan Javed Awan , Roel Jordans , Akash Kumar , Henk Corporaal

Processing-in-memory architectures have been regarded as a promising solution for CNN acceleration. Existing PIM accelerator designs rely heavily on the experience of experts and require significant manual design overhead. Manual design…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Wanqian Li , Xiaotian Sun , Xinyu Wang , Lei Wang , Yinhe Han , Xiaoming Chen

The cost of moving data between the memory units and the compute units is a major contributor to the execution time and energy consumption of modern workloads in computing systems. At the same time, we are witnessing an enormous amount of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Gagandeep Singh

Processing-in-cache (PiC) and Processing-in-memory (PiM) architectures, especially those utilizing bit-line computing, offer promising solutions to mitigate data movement bottlenecks within the memory hierarchy. While previous studies have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Dhruv Gajaria , Tosiron Adegbija , Kevin Gomez

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM)-based Computing-in-Memory (CiM) architectures show substantial promise in accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) due to their exceptional energy efficiency. However, NVM devices are prone to device…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Zheyu Yan , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

Computing-in-Memory (CiM) architectures aim to reduce costly data transfers by performing arithmetic and logic operations in memory and hence relieve the pressure due to the memory wall. However, determining whether a given workload can…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Di Gao , Dayane Reis , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Cheng Zhuo

Novel non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies offer high-speed and high-density data storage. In addition, they overcome the von Neumann bottleneck by enabling computing-in-memory (CIM). Various computer architectures have been proposed to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Lennart M. Reimann , Felix Staudigl , Rainer Leupers