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Model watermarking techniques can embed watermark information into the protected model for ownership declaration by constructing specific input-output pairs. However, existing watermarks are easily removed when facing model stealing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yunfei Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Yuexin Xuan , Zhendong Zhao , Xin Zhao , He Li

Annotating medical data for training AI models is often costly and limited due to the shortage of specialists with relevant clinical expertise. This challenge is further compounded by privacy and ethical concerns associated with sensitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Qinkai Yu , Chong Zhang , Gaojie Jin , Tianjin Huang , Wei Zhou , Wenhui Li , Xiaobo Jin , Bo Huang , Yitian Zhao , Guang Yang , Gregory Y. H. Lip , Yalin Zheng , Aline Villavicencio , Yanda Meng

Deep learning has been achieving top performance in many tasks. Since training of a deep learning model requires a great deal of cost, we need to treat neural network models as valuable intellectual properties. One concern in such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Ryota Namba , Jun Sakuma

Deep neural networks are playing an important role in many real-life applications. After being trained with abundant data and computing resources, a deep neural network model providing service is endowed with economic value. An important…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Fangqi Li , Shilin Wang

With the broad application of deep neural networks (DNNs), backdoor attacks have gradually attracted attention. Backdoor attacks are insidious, and poisoned models perform well on benign samples and are only triggered when given specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Chang Yue , Peizhuo Lv , Ruigang Liang , Kai Chen

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) is an effective paradigm for learning representations from unlabeled data, such as text, images, and videos. However, researchers have recently found that SSL is vulnerable to backdoor attacks. The attacker…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Shengsheng Qian , Dizhan Xue , Yifei Wang , Shengjie Zhang , Huaiwen Zhang , Changsheng Xu

Recently, the research on protecting the intellectual properties (IP) of deep neural networks (DNN) has attracted serious concerns. A number of DNN copyright protection methods have been proposed. However, most of the existing watermarking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Shichang Sun , Mingfu Xue , Jian Wang , Weiqiang Liu

To trace the copyright of deep neural networks, an owner can embed its identity information into its model as a watermark. The capacity of the watermark quantify the maximal volume of information that can be verified from the watermarked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Fangqi Li , Haodong Zhao , Wei Du , Shilin Wang

Watermarking has recently emerged as an effective strategy for detecting the outputs of large language models (LLMs). Most existing schemes require white-box access to the model's next-token probability distribution, which is typically not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Dara Bahri , John Wieting

Due to the proliferation and widespread use of deep neural networks (DNN), their Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection has become increasingly important. This paper presents a novel model watermarking method for an unsupervised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Dongdong Lin , Benedetta Tondi , Bin Li , Mauro Barni

The rise of generative neural networks has triggered an increased demand for intellectual property (IP) protection in generated content. Deep watermarking techniques, recognized for their flexibility in IP protection, have garnered…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Biqing Qi , Junqi Gao , Yiang Luo , Jianxing Liu , Ligang Wu , Bowen Zhou

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for ownership verification of deep neural network (DNN) models for image classification tasks. It allows verification of model identity by both the rightful owner and third party without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Teruki Sano , Minoru Kuribayashi , Masao Sakai , Shuji Isobe , Eisuke Koizumi

Technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) facilitate digital contents such as images being acquired in a massive way. However, consideration from the privacy or legislation perspective still demands the need for intellectual content…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Yurui Ming , Weiping Ding , Zehong Cao , Chin-Teng Lin

Backdoor attack aims to deceive a victim model when facing backdoor instances while maintaining its performance on benign data. Current methods use manual patterns or special perturbations as triggers, while they often overlook the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Ruofei Wang , Renjie Wan , Zongyu Guo , Qing Guo , Rui Huang

The growing popularity of Deep Neural Networks, which often require computationally expensive training and access to a vast amount of data, calls for accurate authorship verification methods to deter unlawful dissemination of the models and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Elena Rodriguez-Lois , Fernando Perez-Gonzalez

To protect the intellectual property of well-trained deep neural networks (DNNs), black-box watermarks, which are embedded into the prediction behavior of DNN models on a set of specially-crafted samples and extracted from suspect models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yifan Lu , Wenxuan Li , Mi Zhang , Xudong Pan , Min Yang

With the increasing attention to deep neural network (DNN) models, attacks are also upcoming for such models. For example, an attacker may carefully construct images in specific ways (also referred to as adversarial examples) aiming to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yuexin Xiang , Tiantian Li , Wei Ren , Tianqing Zhu , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

Engineering a top-notch deep learning model is an expensive procedure that involves collecting data, hiring human resources with expertise in machine learning, and providing high computational resources. For that reason, deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-08 Omid Aramoon , Pin-Yu Chen , Gang Qu

DNNs shall be considered as the intellectual property (IP) of the model builder due to the impeding cost of designing/training a highly accurate model. Research attempts have been made to protect the authorship of the trained model and…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-11-12 Huili Chen , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Xinwei Fan , Osman Cihan Kilinc , Farinaz Koushanfar

As companies continue to invest heavily in larger, more accurate and more robust deep learning models, they are exploring approaches to monetize their models while protecting their intellectual property. Model licensing is promising, but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Huiying Li , Emily Wenger , Shawn Shan , Ben Y. Zhao , Haitao Zheng
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