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This paper defines and explores the design space for information extraction (IE) from layout-rich documents using large language models (LLMs). The three core challenges of layout-aware IE with LLMs are 1) data structuring, 2) model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Gaye Colakoglu , Gürkan Solmaz , Jonathan Fürst

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promise in advancing healthcare. However, most existing models remain confined to single-image understanding, which greatly limits their applicability in clinical workflows. In practice,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhen Chen , Yihang Fu , Gabriel Madera , Mauro Giuffre , Serina Applebaum , Hyunjae Kim , Hua Xu , Qingyu Chen

The volume of academic literature, such as academic conference papers and journals, has increased rapidly worldwide, and research on metadata extraction is ongoing. However, high-performing metadata extraction is still challenging due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Jongyun Choi , Hyesoo Kong , Hwamook Yoon , Heung-Seon Oh , Yuchul Jung

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in transforming text descriptions or tables to data visualizations via instruction-tuning methods. However, it is not straightforward to apply these methods directly for a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Akriti Jain , Pritika Ramu , Aparna Garimella , Apoorv Saxena

Document understanding is critical for applications from financial analysis to scientific discovery. Current approaches, whether OCR-based pipelines feeding Large Language Models (LLMs) or native Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), face key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Sensen Gao , Shanshan Zhao , Xu Jiang , Lunhao Duan , Yong Xien Chng , Qing-Guo Chen , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Jia-Wang Bian , Mingming Gong

The ability to understand and answer questions over documents can be useful in many business and practical applications. However, documents often contain lengthy and diverse multimodal contents such as texts, figures, and tables, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yew Ken Chia , Liying Cheng , Hou Pong Chan , Chaoqun Liu , Maojia Song , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Soujanya Poria , Lidong Bing

Understanding documents with rich layouts and multi-modal components is a long-standing and practical task. Recent Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have made remarkable strides in various tasks, particularly in single-page document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yubo Ma , Yuhang Zang , Liangyu Chen , Meiqi Chen , Yizhu Jiao , Xinze Li , Xinyuan Lu , Ziyu Liu , Yan Ma , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Liangming Pan , Yu-Gang Jiang , Jiaqi Wang , Yixin Cao , Aixin Sun

Document layout analysis (DLA) is crucial for understanding the physical layout and logical structure of documents, serving information retrieval, document summarization, knowledge extraction, etc. However, previous studies have typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Jiawei Wang , Kai Hu , Qiang Huo

Transforming documents into machine-processable representations is a challenging task due to their complex structures and variability in formats. Recovering the layout structure and content from PDF files or scanned material has remained a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Christoph Auer , Ahmed Nassar , Maksym Lysak , Michele Dolfi , Nikolaos Livathinos , Peter Staar

With the development of large-scale Language Models (LLM), fine-tuning pre-trained LLM has become a mainstream paradigm for solving downstream tasks of natural language processing. However, training a language model in the legal field…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Chun-Hsien Lin , Pu-Jen Cheng

Document layout analysis is a known problem to the documents research community and has been vastly explored yielding a multitude of solutions ranging from text mining, and recognition to graph-based representation, visual feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Subhajit Maity , Sanket Biswas , Siladittya Manna , Ayan Banerjee , Josep Lladós , Saumik Bhattacharya , Umapada Pal

Recent advances in document image analysis (DIA) have been primarily driven by the application of neural networks. Ideally, research outcomes could be easily deployed in production and extended for further investigation. However, various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Zejiang Shen , Ruochen Zhang , Melissa Dell , Benjamin Charles Germain Lee , Jacob Carlson , Weining Li

Recent advances in Large Vision-Language models (LVLM) have spurred significant progress in document parsing task. Compared to traditional pipeline-based methods, end-to-end paradigms have shown their excellence in converting PDF images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Xiangyang Chen , Shuzhao Li , Xiuwen Zhu , Yongfan Chen , Fan Yang , Cheng Fang , Lin Qu , Xiaoxiao Xu , Hu Wei , Minggang Wu

Every day, thousands of digital documents are generated with useful information for companies, public organizations, and citizens. Given the impossibility of processing them manually, the automatic processing of these documents is becoming…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown immense potential in education, automating tasks like quiz generation and content summarization. However, generating effective presentation slides introduces unique challenges due to the complexity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Eric Xie , Danielle Waterfield , Michael Kennedy , Aidong Zhang

Multimodal document retrieval aims to identify and retrieve various forms of multimodal content, such as figures, tables, charts, and layout information from extensive documents. Despite its increasing popularity, there is a notable lack of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Kuicai Dong , Yujing Chang , Xin Deik Goh , Dexun Li , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

Despite significant progress on current state-of-the-art image generation models, synthesis of document images containing multiple and complex object layouts is a challenging task. This paper presents a novel approach, called DocSynth, to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Sanket Biswas , Pau Riba , Josep Lladós , Umapada Pal

Authors seeking to communicate with broader audiences often share their ideas in various document formats, such as slide decks, newsletters, reports, and posters. Prior work on document generation has generally tackled the creation of each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Isabel Cachola , Silviu Cucerzan , Allen Herring , Vuksan Mijovic , Erik Oveson , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

Large ground-truth datasets and recent advances in deep learning techniques have been useful for layout detection. However, because of the restricted layout diversity of these datasets, training on them requires a sizable number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Avinash Anand , Raj Jaiswal , Mohit Gupta , Siddhesh S Bangar , Pijush Bhuyan , Naman Lal , Rajeev Singh , Ritika Jha , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Shin'ichi Satoh

The rapid growth of scientific literature demands efficient methods to organize and synthesize research findings. Existing taxonomy construction methods, leveraging unsupervised clustering or direct prompting of large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Kun Zhu , Lizi Liao , Yuxuan Gu , Lei Huang , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin