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Molecular representation learning is pivotal in predicting molecular properties and advancing drug design. Traditional methodologies, which predominantly rely on homogeneous graph encoding, are limited by their inability to integrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Mukun Chen , Jia Wu , Shirui Pan , Fu Lin , Bo Du , Xiuwen Gong , Wenbin Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) adapted via contrastive learning excel in general representation learning but struggle in vertical domains like chemistry and law, primarily due to a lack of domain-specific knowledge. This work identifies a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Xiaoyu Liang , Yuchen Peng , Jiale Luo , Wenhao Wang , Haoji Hu , Xincheng Zhou

Reliable molecular property prediction is essential for various scientific endeavors and industrial applications, such as drug discovery. However, the data scarcity, combined with the highly non-linear causal relationships between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yue Wan , Jialu Wu , Tingjun Hou , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Xiaowei Jia

Every molecule ever synthesised can be drawn as a 2D skeletal diagram, yet in modern property prediction this universally available representation has received less focus in favour of molecular graphs, 3D conformers, or billion-parameter…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aaditya Baranwal , Akshaj Gupta , Shruti Vyas , Yogesh S Rawat

Language Models (LMs) have greatly influenced diverse domains. However, their inherent limitation in comprehending 3D molecular structures has considerably constrained their potential in the biomolecular domain. To bridge this gap, we focus…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Sihang Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Yanchen Luo , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tat-Seng Chua , Qi Tian

Capturing molecular knowledge with representation learning approaches holds significant potential in vast scientific fields such as chemistry and life science. An effective and generalizable molecular representation is expected to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Yizhen Luo , Kai Yang , Massimo Hong , Xing Yi Liu , Zikun Nie , Hao Zhou , Zaiqing Nie

Molecules have seemed like a natural fit to deep learning's tendency to handle a complex structure through representation learning, given enough data. However, this often continuous representation is not natural for understanding chemical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Austin Clyde , Arvind Ramanathan , Rick Stevens

Procuring expressive molecular representations underpins AI-driven molecule design and scientific discovery. The research mainly focuses on atom-level homogeneous molecular graphs, ignoring the rich information in subgraphs or motifs.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-10 Fang Wu , Dragomir Radev , Stan Z. Li

Molecular shape and geometry dictate key biophysical recognition processes, yet many graph neural networks disregard 3D information for molecular property prediction. Here, we propose a new contrastive-learning procedure for graph neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Austin Atsango , Nathaniel L. Diamant , Ziqing Lu , Tommaso Biancalani , Gabriele Scalia , Kangway V. Chuang

Vision-language models like CLIP show impressive ability to align images and text, but their training on short, concise captions makes them struggle with lengthy, detailed descriptions. Recent advances mitigate this challenge by leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Chau Truong , Hieu Ta Quang , Dung D. Le

Self-supervised pretraining on molecular graphs has emerged as a promising approach for molecular property prediction, yet most existing methods operate at a single structural granularity and treat bond information as auxiliary edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Xiayu Liu , Zhengyi Lu , Hou-biao Li

Predicting molecular properties is essential for drug discovery, and computational methods can greatly enhance this process. Molecular graphs have become a focus for representation learning, with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) widely used.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yan Sun , Yutong Lu , Yan Yi Li , Zihao Jing , Carson K. Leung , Pingzhao Hu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been widely employed for feature representation learning in molecular graphs. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance the expressiveness of feature representation to ensure the effectiveness of GNNs. However, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Chengyu Yao , Hong Huang , Hang Gao , Fengge Wu , Haiming Chen , Junsuo Zhao

Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR) plays a pivotal role in modern chemical informatics, enabling the automated conversion of chemical structure images from scientific literature, patents, and educational materials into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Wenrui Zhang , Xinggang Wang , Bin Feng , Wenyu Liu

We proposed the molecular hyper-message passing network (MolHMPN) that predicts the properties of a molecule with prior knowledge-guided subgraph. Modeling higher-order connectivities in molecules is necessary as changes in both the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Fangying Chen , Junyoung Park , Jinkyoo Park

Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated impressive molecule understanding ability on various 1D text-related tasks. However, they inherently lack 2D graph perception - a critical ability of human professionals in comprehending molecules'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Zhiyuan Liu , Sihang Li , Yanchen Luo , Hao Fei , Yixin Cao , Kenji Kawaguchi , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

The molecular large language models have garnered widespread attention due to their promising potential on molecular applications. However, current molecular large language models face significant limitations in understanding molecules due…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-23 Zaifei Yang , Hong Chang , Ruibing Hou , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

Machine learning (ML) offers considerable promise for the design of new molecules and materials. In real-world applications, the design problem is often domain-specific, and suffers from insufficient data, particularly labeled data, for ML…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Ming Han , Ge Sun , Juan J. de Pablo

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides an experimental readout of local chemical environments, but its use in molecular representation learning has been constrained by heterogeneous data and incomplete atom-level…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Jiebin Fang , Zidi Yan , Churu Mao , Yongjun Jiang , Xinyi Tang , Lei Miao , Dan Lu , Yun Huang , Wanjing Ding , Zhongjun Ma

Molecular representation learning methods typically tokenize molecules as individual atoms or use rigid, rule-based fragment decompositions, limiting their ability to capture meaningful chemical substructure context. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ankur Samanta , Rohan Gupta , Aditi Misra , Christian McIntosh Clarke , Jayakumar Rajadas
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