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Static analysis is a powerful technique for bug detection in critical systems like operating system kernels. However, designing and implementing static analyzers is challenging, time-consuming, and typically limited to predefined bug…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Chenyuan Yang , Zijie Zhao , Zichen Xie , Haoyu Li , Lingming Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being increasingly used in software engineering tasks, with an increased focus on bug report resolution over the past year. However, most proposed systems fail to properly handle uncertain or incorrect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Noble Saji Mathews , Meiyappan Nagappan

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across various fields, yet their increasing use raises critical security concerns. This article reviews recent literature addressing key issues in LLM security, with a focus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Benji Peng , Keyu Chen , Ming Li , Pohsun Feng , Ziqian Bi , Junyu Liu , Xinyuan Song , Qian Niu

Open source software (OSS) is integral to modern product development, and any vulnerability within it potentially compromises numerous products. While developers strive to apply security patches, pinpointing these patches among extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Jinhong Yu , Yi Chen , Di Tang , Xiaozhong Liu , XiaoFeng Wang , Chen Wu , Haixu Tang

Security patch detection (SPD) is crucial for maintaining software security, as unpatched vulnerabilities can lead to severe security risks. In recent years, numerous learning-based SPD approaches have demonstrated promising results on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Qingyuan Li , Binchang Li , Cuiyun Gao , Shuzheng Gao , Zongjie Li

Software testing and verification are critical for ensuring the reliability and security of modern software systems. Traditionally, formal verification techniques, such as model checking and theorem proving, have provided rigorous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Norbert Tihanyi , Tamas Bisztray , Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Bilel Cherif , Richard A. Dubniczky , Ridhi Jain , Lucas C. Cordeiro

Vision models with high overall accuracy often exhibit systematic errors in specific scenarios, posing potential serious safety concerns. Diagnosing bugs of vision models is gaining increased attention, however traditional diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Chaoquan Jiang , Jinqiang Wang , Rui Hu , Jitao Sang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate summaries of software bug reports, including sections such as Steps-to-Reproduce (S2R), Actual Behavior (AB), and Expected Behavior (EB). However, these models frequently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hinduja Nirujan , Shreyas Patil , Abdallah Ayoub , Ahmad Abdel Latif , Gouri Ginde

Large language models are increasingly deployed as protocols: structured multi-call procedures that spend additional computation to transform a baseline answer into a final one. These protocols are evaluated only by end-to-end accuracy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Fernando Reitich

Bug triaging, the task of assigning new issues to developers, is often slow and inconsistent in large projects. We present a lightweight framework that instruction-tuned large language model (LLM) with LoRA adapters and uses…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Kiana Kiashemshaki , Arsham Khosravani , Alireza Hosseinpour , Arshia Akhavan

Identifying and resolving logic errors can be one of the most frustrating challenges for novices programmers. Unlike syntax errors, for which a compiler or interpreter can issue a message, logic errors can be subtle. In certain conditions,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Stephen MacNeil , Paul Denny , Andrew Tran , Juho Leinonen , Seth Bernstein , Arto Hellas , Sami Sarsa , Joanne Kim

Binary analysis remains pivotal in software security, offering insights into compiled programs without source code access. As large language models (LLMs) continue to excel in diverse language understanding and generation tasks, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Xiuwei Shang , Guoqiang Chen , Shaoyin Cheng , Benlong Wu , Li Hu , Gangyang Li , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Novice programmers often face challenges in fault localization due to their limited experience and understanding of programming syntax and logic. Traditional methods like Spectrum-Based Fault Localization (SBFL) and Mutation-Based Fault…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Hexiang Xu , Hengyuan Liu , Yonghao Wu , Xiaolan Kang , Xiang Chen , Yong Liu

Failure-inducing inputs play a crucial role in diagnosing and analyzing software bugs. Bug reports typically contain these inputs, which developers extract to facilitate debugging. Since bug reports are written in natural language, prior…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Alif Al Hasan , Subarna Saha , Mia Mohammad Imran , Tarannum Shaila Zaman

Today, software systems have a significant role in various domains among which are healthcare, entertainment, transport and logistics, and many more. It is only natural that with this increasing dependency on software, the number of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Filip Zamfirov

Bugs are essential in software engineering; many research studies in the past decades have been proposed to detect, localize, and repair bugs in software systems. Effectiveness evaluation of such techniques requires complex bugs, i.e.,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Ali Reza Ibrahimzada , Yang Chen , Ryan Rong , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

While static analysis is useful in detecting early-stage hardware security bugs, its efficacy is limited because it requires information to form checks and is often unable to explain the security impact of a detected vulnerability. Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Baleegh Ahmad , Hammond Pearce , Ramesh Karri , Benjamin Tan

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based Agents have been applied to fix bugs automatically, demonstrating the capability in addressing software defects by engaging in development environment interaction, iterative validation and code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Xiangxin Meng , Zexiong Ma , Pengfei Gao , Chao Peng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to various software engineering tasks, including code generation, bug detection, and repair. To evaluate model performance in these domains, numerous bug benchmarks containing real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Daniel Ramos , Claudia Mamede , Kush Jain , Paulo Canelas , Catarina Gamboa , Claire Le Goues

Bug tracking systems play a crucial role in software maintenance, yet developers frequently struggle with low-quality user-submitted reports that omit essential details such as Steps to Reproduce (S2R), Observed Behavior (OB), and Expected…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Emre Furkan Akyol , Mehmet Dedeler , Eray Tüzün