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Related papers: Towards Scaling Laws for Symbolic Regression

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Automating scientific discovery has been a grand goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and will bring tremendous societal impact. Learning symbolic expressions from experimental data is a vital step in AI-driven scientific discovery. Despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Nan Jiang , Md Nasim , Yexiang Xue

Symbolic regression (SR), the task of discovering mathematical expressions that best describe a given dataset, remains a fundamental challenge in scientific discovery. Traditional approaches, primarily based on genetic algorithms and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Hao Liu , Xiao-Wen Yang , Atharva Sehgal , Yixin Wang , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li , Yisong Yue

Deep neural networks exhibit empirical neural scaling laws, with error decreasing as a power law with increasing model or data size, across a wide variety of architectures, tasks, and datasets. This universality suggests that scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ari Brill

Many promising approaches to symbolic regression have been presented in recent years, yet progress in the field continues to suffer from a lack of uniform, robust, and transparent benchmarking standards. In this paper, we address this…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-02 William La Cava , Patryk Orzechowski , Bogdan Burlacu , Fabrício Olivetti de França , Marco Virgolin , Ying Jin , Michael Kommenda , Jason H. Moore

It is commonly believed that scaling language models should commit a significant space or time cost, by increasing the parameters (parameter scaling) or output tokens (inference-time scaling). We introduce the third and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Mouxiang Chen , Binyuan Hui , Zeyu Cui , Jiaxi Yang , Dayiheng Liu , Jianling Sun , Junyang Lin , Zhongxin Liu

Symbolic regression is the process of identifying mathematical expressions that fit observed output from a black-box process. It is a discrete optimization problem generally believed to be NP-hard. Prior approaches to solving the problem…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-19 T. Nathan Mundhenk , Mikel Landajuela , Ruben Glatt , Claudio P. Santiago , Daniel M. Faissol , Brenden K. Petersen

Deep learning has recently revealed the existence of scaling laws, demonstrating that model performance follows predictable trends based on dataset and model sizes. Inspired by these findings and fascinating phenomena emerging in the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Mattia Rosso , Simone Rossi , Giulio Franzese , Markus Heinonen , Maurizio Filippone

Machine learning models have become firmly established across all scientific fields. Extracting features from data and making inferences based on them with neural network models often yields high accuracy; however, this approach has several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Mikhail Lazarev , Andrey Ustyuzhanin

The laws of model size, data volume, computation and model performance have been extensively studied in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, the scaling laws in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) have not yet been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Chuanjian Liu , Yunhe Wang , Kai Han

Symbolic Regression (SR) is a powerful technique for automatically discovering mathematical expressions from input data. Mainstream SR algorithms search for the optimal symbolic tree in a vast function space, but the increasing complexity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xinxin Li , Juan Zhang , Da Li , Xingyu Liu , Jin Xu , Junping Yin

Recently, several algorithms for symbolic regression (SR) emerged which employ a form of multiple linear regression (LR) to produce generalized linear models. The use of LR allows the algorithms to create models with relatively small error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Jan Žegklitz , Petr Pošík

The population loss of trained deep neural networks often follows precise power-law scaling relations with either the size of the training dataset or the number of parameters in the network. We propose a theory that explains the origins of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yasaman Bahri , Ethan Dyer , Jared Kaplan , Jaehoon Lee , Utkarsh Sharma

Symbolic regression (SR) poses a significant challenge for randomized search heuristics due to its reliance on the synthesis of expressions for input-output mappings. Although traditional genetic programming (GP) algorithms have achieved…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Kirill Antonov , Roman Kalkreuth , Kaifeng Yang , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein , Anna V Kononova

To analyze the scaling potential of deep tabular representation learning models, we introduce a novel Transformer-based architecture specifically tailored to tabular data and cross-table representation learning by utilizing table-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Maximilian Schambach , Dominique Paul , Johannes S. Otterbach

This paper describes a new method for Symbolic Regression that allows to find mathematical expressions from a dataset. This method has a strong mathematical basis. As opposed to other methods such as Genetic Programming, this method is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Daniel Rivero , Enrique Fernandez-Blanco

This tutorial paper provides a general overview of symbolic regression (SR) with specific focus on standards of interpretability. We posit that interpretable modeling, although its definition is still disputed in the literature, is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Jennifer J. Schnur , Nitesh V. Chawla

When data is plentiful, the loss achieved by well-trained neural networks scales as a power-law $L \propto N^{-\alpha}$ in the number of network parameters $N$. This empirical scaling law holds for a wide variety of data modalities, and may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Utkarsh Sharma , Jared Kaplan

Discovering valid and meaningful mathematical equations from observed data plays a crucial role in scientific discovery. While this task, symbolic regression, remains challenging due to the vast search space and the trade-off between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Xiaoxu Han , Chengzhen Ning , Jinghui Zhong , Fubiao Yang , Yu Wang , Xin Mu

The scaling law is becoming a fundamental law in many machine learning areas. That is, test error falls off with the power law when increasing training data, model size, and computing resource. However, whether this law is suitable for the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Jiayi Lin , Hande Dong , Yutao Xie , Lei Zhang

Mathematical expressions play a central role in scientific discovery. Symbolic regression aims to automatically discover such expressions from given numerical data. Recently, Neural symbolic regression (NSR) methods that involve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shun Sato , Issei Sato