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This study is about inducing classifiers using data that is imbalanced, with a minority class being under-represented in relation to the majority classes. The first section of this research focuses on the main characteristics of data that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Shivaditya Shivganesh , Nitin Narayanan N , Pranav Murali , Ajaykumar M

Despite extensive research spanning several decades, class imbalance is still considered a profound difficulty for both machine learning and deep learning models. While data oversampling is the foremost technique to address this issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Sukumar Kishanthan , Asela Hevapathige

Synthetic data can improve generalization when real data is scarce, but excessive reliance may introduce distributional mismatches that degrade performance. In this paper, we present a learning-theoretic framework to quantify the trade-off…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-02 Amitis Shidani , Tyler Farghly , Yang Sun , Habib Ganjgahi , George Deligiannidis

With promising empirical performance across a wide range of applications, synthetic data augmentation appears a viable solution to data scarcity and the demands of increasingly data-intensive models. Its effectiveness lies in expanding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Zixuan Wu , So Won Jeong , Yating Liu , Yeo Jin Jung , Claire Donnat

Class imbalance can often degrade predictive performance of supervised learning algorithms. Balanced classes can be obtained by oversampling exact copies, with noise, or interpolation between nearest neighbours (as in traditional SMOTE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Emily Muller , Xu Zheng , Jer Hayes

The use of synthetic data to deidentify data and to improve predictive models is well-attested to. The augmentation of datasets using synthetically generated data is an alluring proposition: in the best case, it generates realistic data…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-20 Reid Dale , Jordan Rodu , Mike Baiocchi

Class-imbalance is an inherent characteristic of multi-label data which affects the prediction accuracy of most multi-label learning methods. One efficient strategy to deal with this problem is to employ resampling techniques before…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Bin Liu , Grigorios Tsoumakas

Over the recent years, the advancements in deep face recognition have fueled an increasing demand for large and diverse datasets. Nevertheless, the authentic data acquired to create those datasets is typically sourced from the web, which,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Andrea Atzori , Pietro Cosseddu , Gianni Fenu , Mirko Marras

Synthetic data generation is an appealing tool for augmenting and enriching datasets, playing a crucial role in advancing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Not only does synthetic data help build robust AI/ML datasets…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 José Pulido , Francesc Wilhelmi , Sergio Fortes , Alfonso Fernández-Durán , Lorenzo Galati Giordano , Raquel Barco

Data imbalance is common in production data, where controlled production settings require data to fall within a narrow range of variation and data are collected with quality assessment in mind, rather than data analytic insights. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-17 Rune D. Kjærsgaard , Manja G. Grønberg , Line K. H. Clemmensen

Synthetic data is useful only when the added samples fill missing parts of the training distribution that matter for the downstream task. We introduce LiBaGS, a lightweight, generator-agnostic method for targeted synthetic training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Abhishek Moturu , Anna Goldenberg , Babak Taati

In machine learning, a bias occurs whenever training sets are not representative for the test data, which results in unreliable models. The most common biases in data are arguably class imbalance and covariate shift. In this work, we aim to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Patrick Glauner , Radu State , Petko Valtchev , Diogo Duarte

Learning from class imbalanced datasets poses challenges for many machine learning algorithms. Many real-world domains are, by definition, class imbalanced by virtue of having a majority class that naturally has many more instances than its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Mohammed Temraz , Mark T. Keane

Learning from imbalanced data is a challenging task. Standard classification algorithms tend to perform poorly when trained on imbalanced data. Some special strategies need to be adopted, either by modifying the data distribution or by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Asif Newaz , Shahriar Hassan , Farhan Shahriyar Haq

Few-shot image classification remains challenging due to the scarcity of labeled training examples. Augmenting them with synthetic data has emerged as a promising way to alleviate this issue, but models trained on synthetic samples often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Lan-Cuong Nguyen , Quan Nguyen-Tri , Bang Tran Khanh , Dung D. Le , Long Tran-Thanh , Khoat Than

Current status quo in machine learning is to use static datasets of real images for training, which often come from long-tailed distributions. With the recent advances in generative models, researchers have started augmenting these static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Reyhane Askari Hemmat , Mohammad Pezeshki , Florian Bordes , Michal Drozdzal , Adriana Romero-Soriano

Synthetic data has gained attention for training large language models, but poor-quality data can harm performance (see, e.g., Shumailov et al. (2023); Seddik et al. (2024)). A potential solution is data pruning, which retains only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Aymane El Firdoussi , Mohamed El Amine Seddik , Soufiane Hayou , Reda Alami , Ahmed Alzubaidi , Hakim Hacid

Bias is known to be an impediment to fair decisions in many domains such as human resources, the public sector, health care etc. Recently, hope has been expressed that the use of machine learning methods for taking such decisions would…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Jindong Gu , Daniela Oelke

Training a classification model on a dataset where the instances of one class outnumber those of the other class is a challenging problem. Such imbalanced datasets are standard in real-world situations such as fraud detection, medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-04 Anubha Kabra , Ayush Chopra , Nikaash Puri , Pinkesh Badjatiya , Sukriti Verma , Piyush Gupta , Balaji K

Synthetic data is being used lately for training deep neural networks in computer vision applications such as object detection, object segmentation and 6D object pose estimation. Domain randomization hereby plays an important role in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Parth Rawal , Mrunal Sompura , Wolfgang Hintze