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The proliferation of jailbreak attacks against large language models (LLMs) highlights the need for robust security measures. However, in multi-round dialogues, malicious intentions may be hidden in interactions, leading LLMs to be more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Weiyang Guo , Jing Li , Wenya Wang , YU LI , Daojing He , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

Reasoning is increasingly crucial for various tasks. While chain-of-thought prompting enables large language models to leverage reasoning effectively, harnessing the reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Guande Wu , Huan Song , Yawei Wang , Qiaojing Yan , Yijun Tian , Lin Lee Cheong , Panpan Xu

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing; however, their safety mechanisms remain under-explored in low-resource, multilingual settings. Here, we aim to bridge this gap. In particular, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yujia Hu , Ming Shan Hee , Preslav Nakov , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Automated red-teaming has become a crucial approach for uncovering vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs). However, most existing methods focus on isolated safety flaws, limiting their ability to adapt to dynamic defenses and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Yanjiang Liu , Shuhen Zhou , Yaojie Lu , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang , Hongyu Lin , Ben He , Xianpei Han , Le Sun

This paper presents the vision, scientific contributions, and technical details of RedTWIZ: an adaptive and diverse multi-turn red teaming framework, to audit the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in AI-assisted software…

Efficient Distillation (EDistill) compresses large language models (LLMs) by structured pruning parameters and tuning lightweight modules with high training efficiency. Although these EDistilled LLMs achieve state-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junlin He , Yihong Tang , Tong Nie , Guilong Li , Binyu Yang , Jinxiao Du , Lijun Sun , Wei Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) have displayed remarkable performances across various complex tasks by leveraging Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. Recently, studies have proposed a Knowledge Distillation (KD) approach, reasoning distillation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Hojae Lee , Junho Kim , SangKeun Lee

The strong planning and reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have fostered the development of agent-based systems capable of leveraging external tools and interacting with increasingly complex environments. However, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zhun Wang , Vincent Siu , Zhe Ye , Tianneng Shi , Yuzhou Nie , Xuandong Zhao , Chenguang Wang , Wenbo Guo , Dawn Song

Creating secure and resilient applications with large language models (LLM) requires anticipating, adjusting to, and countering unforeseen threats. Red-teaming has emerged as a critical technique for identifying vulnerabilities in…

Extensive efforts have been made before the public release of Large language models (LLMs) to align their behaviors with human values. However, even meticulously aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to malicious manipulations such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zeguan Xiao , Yan Yang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Automated red teaming holds substantial promise for uncovering and mitigating the risks associated with the malicious use of large language models (LLMs), yet the field lacks a standardized evaluation framework to rigorously assess new…

The advent of tool-using LLM agents shifts safety monitoring from output moderation to auditing long, noisy interaction trajectories, where risk-critical evidence is sparse-making standard binary supervision poorly suited for credit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Lin Wang , Junfeng Fang , Dan Zhang , Fei Shen , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Activation probes are attractive monitors for AI systems due to low cost and latency, but their real-world robustness remains underexplored. We ask: What failure modes arise under realistic, black-box adversarial pressure, and how can we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Phil Blandfort , Robert Graham

In the realm of black-box jailbreak attacks on large language models (LLMs), the feasibility of constructing a narrow safety proxy, a lightweight model designed to predict the attack success rate (ASR) of adversarial prompts, remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Tianyu Zhang , Zihang Xi , Jingyu Hua , Sheng Zhong

Recent research has explored distilling knowledge from large language models (LLMs) to optimize retriever models, especially within the retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework. However, most existing training methods rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zizhong Li , Haopeng Zhang , Jiawei Zhang

Multi-agent debate has been shown to improve reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, it is compute-intensive, requiring generation of long transcripts before answering questions. To address this inefficiency, we develop a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 John Seon Keun Yi , Aaron Mueller , Dokyun Lee

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have emerged as a powerful advancement in multi-step reasoning tasks, offering enhanced transparency and logical consistency through explicit chains of thought (CoT). However, these models introduce novel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jiawei Chen , Yang Yang , Chao Yu , Yu Tian , Zhi Cao , Xue Yang , Linghao Li , Hang Su , Zhaoxia Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are reshaping recommender systems by leveraging extensive world knowledge and semantic reasoning to interpret user intent. However, effectively integrating these capabilities with collaborative signals while…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Yang Wu , Haoze Wang , Qian Li , Jun Zhang , Huan Yu , Jie Jiang

The LLMSR@XLLM25 formulates a low-resource structural reasoning task that challenges LLMs to generate interpretable, step-by-step rationales with minimal labeled data. We present Less is More, the third-place winning approach in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiahao Yuan , Xingzhe Sun , Xing Yu , Jingwen Wang , Dehui Du , Zhiqing Cui , Zixiang Di

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased their remarkable capabilities in diverse domains, encompassing natural language understanding, translation, and even code generation. The potential for LLMs to generate harmful content is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mingke Yang , Yuqi Chen , Yi Liu , Ling Shi