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As life expectancy is mostly increasing, the incidence of many neurological disorders is also constantly growing. For improving the physical functions affected by a neurological disorder, rehabilitation procedures are mandatory, and they…

Background: Deep learning (DL)-based organ segmentation is increasingly used in radiotherapy, yet voxel-wise DL uncertainty maps are rarely presented to clinicians. Purpose: This study assessed how DL-generated uncertainty maps impact…

We developed and validated RetinaVR, an affordable and immersive virtual reality simulator for vitreoretinal surgery training, using the Meta Quest 2 VR headset. We focused on four core fundamental skills: core vitrectomy, peripheral…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Fares Antaki , Cédryk Doucet , Daniel Milad , Charles-Édouard Giguère , Benoit Ozell , Karim Hammamji

We present a virtual reality (VR) experience that creates a research-grade benchmark in assessing patients with active upper-limb tremor, while simultaneously offering the opportunity for patients to engage with VR experiences without their…

Brachytherapy involves bringing a radioactive source near tumor tissue using implanted needles. Image-guided brachytherapy planning requires amongst others, the reconstruction of the needles. Manually annotating these needles on patient…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-28 Vangelis Kostoulas , Arthur Guijt , Ellen M. Kerkhof , Bradley R. Pieters , Peter A. N. Bosman , Tanja Alderliesten

As XR devices become widespread, 3D interaction has become commonplace, and UI developers are increasingly required to consider usability to deliver better user experiences. The HCI community has long studied target-pointing performance,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Tatsuya Okuno , Haruto Shimizu , Nobuhito Kasahara , Taiyu Honma , Shota Yamanaka , Homei Miyashita

This paper describes a learning environment for image-guided prostate biopsies in cancer diagnosis; it is based on an ultrasound probe simulator virtually exploring real datasets obtained from patients. The aim is to make the training of…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-11-10 Janssoone Thomas , Grégoire Chevreau , Lucile Vadcard , Pierre Mozer , Jocelyne Troccaz

Stroke patients often experience upper limb impairments that restrict their mobility and daily activities. Physical therapy (PT) is the most effective method to improve impairments, but low patient adherence and participation in PT…

This work-in-progress paper discusses the use of student-centered pedagogy to teach clinical oculomotor examination via Virtual Reality (VR). Traditional methods, such as PowerPoint slides and lab activities, are often insufficient for…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Austin Finlayson , Rui Wu , Chia-Cheng Lin , Brian Sylcott

Immersive virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool for stress reduction and relaxation, traditionally relying on visual and auditory stimuli. This study examines the role of olfactory stimuli in enhancing these effects, using a randomized…

The development of algorithms for automation of subtasks during robotic surgery can be accelerated by the availability of realistic simulation environments. In this work, we focus on one aspect of the realism of a surgical simulator, which…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Juan Antonio Barragan , Hisashi Ishida , Adnan Munawar , Peter Kazanzides

High dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) is widely used for gynecological cancer treatment. Although commercial treatment planning systems (TPSs) have inverse optimization modules, it takes several iterations to adjust planning objectives to…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Huan Liu , Chang M Ma , Xun Jia , Chenyang Shen , Peter Klages , Kevin Albuquerque

In this work, we proposed virtual imaging simulators as an alternative approach to experimental validation of beam range uncertainty in complex patient geometry using a computational model of a human head and a photon-counting CT scanner.…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 S. Vrbaški , G. Stanić , S. Molinelli , M. Bhattarai , E. Abadi , M. Ciocca , E. Samei

Spina Bifida (SB) is a birth defect developed during the early stage of pregnancy in which there is incomplete closing of the spine around the spinal cord. The growing interest in fetoscopic Spina-Bifida repair, which is performed in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Przemysław Korzeniowski , Szymon Płotka , Robert Brawura-Biskupski-Samaha , Arkadiusz Sitek

Purpose: Automatic planning for focal low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy (LDR-PB) boost. Methods: A simulated annealing approach was utilized for creating automatic focal LDR-PB boost plans using both geometric (i.e. adherence of isodose…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-10-27 S. Sara Mahdavi , Michael D. Peacock , William J. Morris , Ingrid T. Spadinger

Virtual Reality (VR) has been utilized for several applications and has shown great potential for rehabilitation, especially for home therapy. However, these systems solely rely on information from VR hand controllers, which do not fully…

The surgical usage of Mixed Reality (MR) has received growing attention in areas such as surgical navigation systems, skill assessment, and robot-assisted surgeries. For such applications, pose estimation for hand and surgical instruments…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Rui Wang , Sophokles Ktistakis , Siwei Zhang , Mirko Meboldt , Quentin Lohmeyer

Neurosurgery increasingly uses Mixed Reality (MR) technologies for intraoperative assistance. The greatest challenge in this area is mentally reconstructing complex 3D anatomical structures from 2D slices with millimetric precision, which…

Surgical simulators have been widely used in training and evaluation of physicians and surgeons. Virtual reality augmented with haptic technology has made it feasible to develop more realistic surgical simulators. In this context, we set…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-05-19 Reza Karimzadeh , Javad Sheikh , Hamed Azarnoush , Hossein Arabi

Public speaking is an essential skill in everyone's professional or academic career. Nevertheless, honing this skill is often tricky because training in front of a mirror does not give feedback or inspire the same anxiety as present-ing in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Diego Monteiro , Hai-Ning Liang , Hongji Li , Yu Fu , Xian Wang