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Reinforcement learning algorithms can train agents that solve problems in complex, interesting environments. Normally, the complexity of the trained agent is closely related to the complexity of the environment. This suggests that a highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-16 Trapit Bansal , Jakub Pachocki , Szymon Sidor , Ilya Sutskever , Igor Mordatch

Cooperation in multi-agent learning (MAL) is a topic at the intersection of numerous disciplines, including game theory, economics, social sciences, and evolutionary biology. Research in this area aims to understand both how agents can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Yali Du , Joel Z. Leibo , Usman Islam , Richard Willis , Peter Sunehag

With recent development of artificial intelligence, it is more common to adopt AI agents in economic activities. This paper explores the economic actions of agents, including human agents and AI agents, in an economic game of trading…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-03-03 Huan Cai , Ziqing Lu , Catherine Xu , Weiyu Xu , Jie Zheng

We introduce a framework to study the effective objectives at different time scales of financial market microstructure. The financial market can be regarded as a complex adaptive system, where purposeful agents collectively and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2017-12-05 Dieter Hendricks , Adam Cobb , Richard Everett , Jonathan Downing , Stephen J. Roberts

Markets are a promising way to coordinate AI agent activity for similar reasons to those used to justify markets more broadly. In order to effectively participate in markets, agents need to have informative signals of their own ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Andrey Fradkin , Rohit Krishnan

Current approaches to multi-agent cooperation rely heavily on centralized mechanisms or explicit communication protocols to ensure convergence. This paper studies the problem of distributed multi-agent learning without resorting to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Caroline Wang , Ishan Durugkar , Elad Liebman , Peter Stone

Many real-world systems such as taxi systems, traffic networks and smart grids involve self-interested actors that perform individual tasks in a shared environment. However, in such systems, the self-interested behaviour of agents produces…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-01-31 David Mguni , Joel Jennings , Sergio Valcarcel Macua , Emilio Sison , Sofia Ceppi , Enrique Munoz de Cote

AI agents are increasingly deployed in ecosystems where they repeatedly interact not only with each other but also with humans. In this work, we study these human-AI ecosystems from a theoretical perspective, focusing on the classical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Natalie Collina , Eshwar Ram Arunachaleswaran , Meena Jagadeesan

Solving hard-exploration environments in an important challenge in Reinforcement Learning. Several approaches have been proposed and studied, such as Intrinsic Motivation, co-evolution of agents and tasks, and multi-agent competition. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Andrea Fanti

We study a Markov matching market involving a planner and a set of strategic agents on the two sides of the market. At each step, the agents are presented with a dynamical context, where the contexts determine the utilities. The planner…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Yifei Min , Tianhao Wang , Ruitu Xu , Zhaoran Wang , Michael I. Jordan , Zhuoran Yang

With the digitalization of the financial market, dealers are increasingly handling market-making activities by algorithms. Recent antitrust literature raises concerns on collusion caused by artificial intelligence. This paper studies the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-14 Bingyan Han

Multi agent strategies in mixed cooperative-competitive environments can be hard to craft by hand because each agent needs to coordinate with its teammates while competing with its opponents. Learning based algorithms are appealing but many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Ankur Deka , Katia Sycara

We study a heterogeneous agent macroeconomic model with an infinite number of households and firms competing in a labor market. Each household earns income and engages in consumption at each time step while aiming to maximize a concave…

General Economics · Economics 2023-03-10 Ruitu Xu , Yifei Min , Tianhao Wang , Zhaoran Wang , Michael I. Jordan , Zhuoran Yang

Supply networks require collaboration in a competitive environment. To achieve this, nodes in the network often form symbiotic relationships as they can be adversely effected by the closure of companies in the network, especially where…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Wan Wang , Haiyan Wang , Adam J. Sobey

In the past, financial stock markets have been studied with previous generations of multi-agent systems (MAS) that relied on zero-intelligence agents, and often the necessity to implement so-called noise traders to sub-optimally emulate…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2019-10-14 J. Lussange , S. Bourgeois-Gironde , S. Palminteri , B. Gutkin

Understanding the emergence of cooperation in systems of computational agents is crucial for the development of effective cooperative AI. Interaction among individuals in real-world settings are often sparse and occur within a broad…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Nicole Orzan , Erman Acar , Davide Grossi , Roxana Rădulescu

Uncertainties in renewable generation and demand dynamics challenge day-ahead scheduling. To enhance renewable penetration and maintain intra-day balance, we develop a multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for self-interested…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Junhao Ren , Honglin Gao , Lan Zhao , Qiyu Kang , Gaoxi Xiao , Yajuan Sun

In financial trading, large language model (LLM)-based agents demonstrate significant potential. However, the high sensitivity to market noise undermines the performance of LLM-based trading systems. To address this limitation, we propose a…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-19 Li Zhao , Rui Sun , Zuoyou Jiang , Bo Yang , Yuxiao Bai , Mengting Chen , Xinyang Wang , Jing Li , Zuo Bai

We present a reinforcement learning strategy for use in multi-agent foraging systems in which the learning is centralised to a single agent and its model is periodically disseminated among the population of non-learning agents. In a domain…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ian O'Flynn , Harun Šiljak

There is a growing interest in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) as the first steps towards building general intelligent agents that learn to make low and high-level decisions in non-stationary complex environments in the presence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Marco Jerome Gasparrini , Ricard Solé , Martí Sánchez-Fibla