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Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a simple graph, and let $U\subseteq V(G)$. Two distinct vertices $x,y\in U$ are $U$-mutually visible if $G$ contains a shortest $x$-$y$ path that is internally disjoint from $U$. $U$ is called a mutual-visibility set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-04 J. Leaños , M. Lomelí-Haro , Christophe Ndjatchi , L. M. Ríos-Castro

For a connected graph $G$ and $X\subseteq V(G)$, we say that two vertices $u$, $v$ are $X$-visible if there is a shortest $u,v$-path $P$ with $V(P)\cap X \subseteq \{u,v\}$. If every two vertices from $X$ are $X$-visible, then $X$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Pakanun Dokyeesun , Csilla Bujtás

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph and $P\subseteq V$ a set of points. Two points are mutually visible if there is a shortest path between them without further points. $P$ is a mutual-visibility set if its points are pairwise mutually visible. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-16 Gabriele Di Stefano

Visibility problems have been investigated for a long time under different assumptions as they pose challenging combinatorial problems and are connected to robot navigation problems. The mutual-visibility problem in a graph $G$ of $n$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Davide Bilò , Alessia Di Fonso , Gabriele Di Stefano , Stefano Leucci

In this paper we consider the degree/diameter problem, namely, given natural numbers {\Delta} \geq 2 and D \geq 1, find the maximum number N({\Delta},D) of vertices in a graph of maximum degree {\Delta} and diameter D. In this context, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-06 Ramiro Feria-Purón , Mirka Miller , Guillermo Pineda-Villavicencio

Mutual visibility in graphs requires pairs of vertices to be connected by shortest paths that avoid all other vertices of a prescribed set, a condition that is often overly restrictive. In this paper, we introduce a new variant, called…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Tonny K B , Shikhi M

If $X$ is a subset of vertices of a graph $G$, then vertices $u$ and $v$ are $X$-visible if there exists a shortest $u,v$-path $P$ such that $V(P)\cap X \subseteq \{u,v\}$. If each two vertices from $X$ are $X$-visible, then $X$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Lara Drozek , Jaka Hedzet , Sandi Klavzar , Ismael G. Yero

The concept of mutual-visibility in graphs has been recently introduced. If $X$ is a subset of vertices of a graph $G$, then vertices $u$ and $v$ are $X$-visible if there exists a shortest $u,v$-path $P$ such that $V(P)\cap X \subseteq \{u,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-21 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano

Mutual-visibility sets were motivated by visibility in distributed systems and social networks, and intertwine with several classical mathematical areas. Monotone properties of the variety of mutual-visibility sets, and restrictions of such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Csilla Bujtás , Sandi Klavžar , Jing Tian

The mutual-visibility problem in a graph $G$ asks for the cardinality of a largest set of vertices $S\subseteq V(G)$ so that for any two vertices $x,y\in S$ there is a shortest $x,y$-path $P$ so that all internal vertices of $P$ are not in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-05 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Sandi Klavžar , Ismael G. Yero

The study of mutual visibility has traditionally focused on undirected graphs, asking for the maximum number of vertices that can communicate via shortest paths without intermediate interference from other set members. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Vanja Stojanović

Let $G$ be a graph and $X\subseteq V(G)$. Then $X$ is a mutual-visibility set if each pair of vertices from $X$ is connected by a geodesic with no internal vertex in $X$. The mutual-visibility number $\mu(G)$ of $G$ is the cardinality of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-19 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Sandi Klavžar , Ismael G. Yero

The concept of mutual visibility in graphs, introduced recently, addresses a fundamental problem in Graph Theory concerning the identification of the largest set of vertices in a graph such that any two vertices have a shortest path…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-09 M. Cera , P. Garcia-Vazquez , J. C. Valenzuela-Tripodoro , I. G. Yero

Mutual visibility in graphs provides a framework for analysing how vertices can observe one another along shortest paths free of internal obstructions. The visibility polynomial, which enumerates mutual-visibility sets of all orders, has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-10 Tonny K B , Shikhi M

We consider the bipartite version of the degree/diameter problem, namely, given natural numbers {\Delta} \geq 2 and D \geq 2, find the maximum number Nb({\Delta},D) of vertices in a bipartite graph of maximum degree {\Delta} and diameter D.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-06 Ramiro Feria-Purón , Guillermo Pineda-Villavicencio

Let $b(k,\theta)$ be the maximum order of a connected bipartite $k$-regular graph whose second largest eigenvalue is at most $\theta$. In this paper, we obtain a general upper bound for $b(k,\theta)$ for any $0\leq \theta< 2\sqrt{k-1}$. Our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Sebastian M. Cioabă , Jack H. Koolen , Hiroshi Nozaki

For a connected graph $G$, let $\mu(G)$ denote the distance spectral radius of $G$. A matching in a graph $G$ is a set of disjoint edges of $G$. The maximum size of a matching in $G$ is called the matching number of $G$, denoted by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Zengzhao Xu , Weige Xi , Ligong Wang

A subset $M$ of vertices in a graph $G$ is a mutual-visibility set if any two vertices $u$ and $v$ in $M$ ``see'' each other in $G$, that is, there exists a shortest $u,v$-path in $G$ that contains no elements of $M$ as internal vertices.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Maria Axenovich , Dingyuan Liu

Given a connected graph $G$, the total mutual-visibility number of $G$, denoted $\mu_t(G)$, is the cardinality of a largest set $S\subseteq V(G)$ such that for every pair of vertices $x,y\in V(G)$ there is a shortest $x,y$-path whose…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-29 Dorota Kuziak , Juan A. Rodríguez-Velázquez

Networks are often modeled using graphs, and within this setting we introduce the notion of $k$-fault-tolerant mutual visibility. Informally, a set of vertices $X \subseteq V(G)$ in a graph $G$ is a $k$-fault-tolerant mutual-visibility set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Serafino Cicerone , Gabriele Di Stefano , Sandi Klavžar , Gang Zhang
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