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This paper studies a hybrid language model (HLM) architecture that integrates a small language model (SLM) operating on a mobile device with a large language model (LLM) hosted at the base station (BS) of a wireless network. The HLM token…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Seungeun Oh , Jinhyuk Kim , Jihong Park , Seung-Woo Ko , Tony Q. S. Quek , Seong-Lyun Kim

LLM agents are emerging as a key enabler for autonomous wireless network management. Reliably deploying them, however, demands benchmarks that reflect real engineering risk. Existing wireless benchmarks evaluate single isolated capabilities…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jingwen Tong , Fang Liu , Linkai Xv , Shiliang Lu , Kangqi Li , Yiqian Zhang , Yijie Song , Zeyang Xue , Jun Zhang

While the last few decades have seen a proliferation of experimental demonstrations of entanglement sources, practicality of deployment has been a secondary concern. Recently, the ZALM source was introduced, as a well-engineered functional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 J. Gabriel Richardson , Prajit Dhara , Abhishek Bhatt , Saikat Guha , Stefan Krastanov

Security is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which are often deployed in hostile environments. The q-composite key predistribution scheme has been recognized as a suitable approach to secure WSNs. Although the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Jun Zhao

Randomized MAC addresses aim to prevent passive device tracking, yet Wi-Fi management frames still leak structured behavioral patterns. Prior work has relied primarily on syntactic probe-request features such as Information Elements (IEs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Abhishek K. Mishra , Mathieu Cunche

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into wireless networks presents significant potential for automating system design. However, unlike conventional throughput maximization, Covert Communication (CC) requires optimizing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Zhaozhi Liu , Jiaxin Chen , Yuanai Xie , Yuna Jiang , Minrui Xu , Xiao Zhang , Pan Lai , Zan Zhou

Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are an emergent paradigm in verifiable computing. In the context of applications like cloud computing, ZKPs can be used by a client (called the verifier) to verify the service provider (called the prover) is in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Alhad Daftardar , Brandon Reagen , Siddharth Garg

Semantic communication (SemCom) with learned encoder-decoder architectures enables end-to-end learning of compact task-oriented representations optimized for the wireless channel, reducing channel resources needed to convey task-relevant…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yalin E. Sagduyu , Tugba Erpek

The computational complexity of large language model (LLM) inference significantly constrains their deployment efficiency on edge devices. In contrast, small language models offer faster decoding and lower resource consumption but often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Jianshu She , Wenhao Zheng , Zhengzhong Liu , Hongyi Wang , Eric Xing , Huaxiu Yao , Qirong Ho

This paper presents ServerlessLLM, a distributed system designed to support low-latency serverless inference for Large Language Models (LLMs). By harnessing the substantial near-GPU storage and memory capacities of inference servers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Yao Fu , Leyang Xue , Yeqi Huang , Andrei-Octavian Brabete , Dmitrii Ustiugov , Yuvraj Patel , Luo Mai

Foundation models, a cornerstone of recent advancements in machine learning, have predominantly thrived on complete and well-structured data. Wearable sensor data frequently suffers from significant missingness, posing a substantial…

Automating formal proofs of combinatorial identities is challenging for LLM-based provers, as long-horizon proof planning is required and unconstrained search quickly explodes. Symbolic methods such as the Wilf-Zeilberger (WZ) method can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Beibei Xiong , Hangyu Lv , Junqi Liu , Yisen Wang , Shaoshi Chen , Jianlin Wang , Zhengfeng Yang , Lihong Zhi

Training data is a critical and often proprietary asset in Large Language Model (LLM) development, motivating the use of data watermarking to embed model-transferable signals for usage verification. We identify low coverage as a vital yet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hengyu Wu , Yang Cao

Anomaly detection has various applications including condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. The objective is to sense the environment, learn the normal system state, and then periodically classify whether the instantaneous state deviates…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-12-16 Kiril Ralinovski , Mario Goldenbaum , Sławomir Stańczak

New capabilities in wireless network security have been enabled by deep learning, which leverages patterns in radio frequency (RF) data to identify and authenticate devices. Open-set detection is an area of deep learning that identifies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Luke Puppo , Weng-Keen Wong , Bechir Hamdaoui , Abdurrahman Elmaghbub

Large Vision--Language Models (LVLMs) hold great promise for advancing optical remote sensing (RS) analysis, yet existing reasoning segmentation frameworks couple linguistic reasoning and pixel prediction through end-to-end supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xu Zhang , Junyao Ge , Yang Zheng , Kaitai Guo , Jimin Liang

Microscopic characterizations, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), are widely used in scientific research for visualizing and analyzing microstructures. Determining the scale bars is an important first step of accurate SEM analysis;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yuxuan Chen , Ruotong Yang , Zhengyang Zhang , Mehreen Ahmed , Yanming Wang

Indoor localization remains challenging in GNSS-denied environments due to multipath, device heterogeneity, and volatile radio conditions. We propose a topology-aware, hybrid Wi-Fi/BLE fingerprinting framework that (i) applies physically…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Behrad Mousaei Shir-Mohammad , Behzad Moshiri , Abolfazl Yaghmaei

Spectrum sensing allows cognitive radio systems to detect relevant signals in despite the presence of severe interference. Most of the existing spectrum sensing techniques use a particular signal-noise model with certain assumptions and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Nupur Choudhury , Kandarpa Kumar Sarma , Chinmoy Kalita , Aradhana Misra

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have enabled continuous monitoring of an area of interest (body, room, region, etc.) while eliminating expensive wired infrastructure. Typically in such applications, wireless sensor nodes report the sensed…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Chayan Sarkar , Vijay S. Rao , R. Venkatesha Prasad