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Related papers: EHR-R1: A Reasoning-Enhanced Foundational Language…

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Question Answering (QA) systems on patient-related data can assist both clinicians and patients. They can, for example, assist clinicians in decision-making and enable patients to have a better understanding of their medical history.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Jayetri Bardhan , Kirk Roberts , Daisy Zhe Wang

The evaluation and improvement of medical large language models (LLMs) are critical for their real-world deployment, particularly in ensuring accuracy, safety, and ethical alignment. Existing frameworks inadequately dissect domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Luyi Jiang , Jiayuan Chen , Lu Lu , Xinwei Peng , Lihao Liu , Junjun He , Jie Xu

Motivation: Electronic health record (EHR) data provides a new venue to elucidate disease comorbidities and latent phenotypes for precision medicine. To fully exploit its potential, a realistic data generative process of the EHR data needs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Ziyang Song , Xavier Sumba Toral , Yixin Xu , Aihua Liu , Liming Guo , Guido Powell , Aman Verma , David Buckeridge , Ariane Marelli , Yue Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in everyday applications, demanding robust general reasoning capabilities and diverse reasoning skillset. However, current LLM reasoning benchmarks predominantly focus on mathematical…

Electronic Health Records (EHR) contain rich longitudinal patient information and are widely used in predictive modeling applications. However, effectively leveraging historical data remains challenging due to long trajectories,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Saeed Shurrab , Mariam Al-Omari , Dana El Samad , Farah E. Shamout

Traditional diagnosis of chronic diseases involves in-person consultations with physicians to identify the disease. However, there is a lack of research focused on predicting and developing application systems using clinical notes and blood…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Chun-Chieh Liao , Wei-Ting Kuo , I-Hsuan Hu , Yen-Chen Shih , Jun-En Ding , Feng Liu , Fang-Ming Hung

Objective: Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant capabilities in medical text understanding and generation. However, their diagnostic reliability in complex clinical scenarios remains limited. This study aims to enhance LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Peixian Li , Yu Tian , Ruiqi Tu , Chengkai Wu , Jingjing Ren , Jingsong Li

While the general machine learning (ML) community has benefited from public datasets, tasks, and models, the progress of ML in healthcare has been hampered by a lack of such shared assets. The success of foundation models creates new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Michael Wornow , Rahul Thapa , Ethan Steinberg , Jason A. Fries , Nigam H. Shah

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in automated text annotation within natural language processing. However, their deployment in clinical settings is severely constrained by strict privacy regulations and…

Large language models (LLMs) hold great promise for medical applications and are evolving rapidly, with new models being released at an accelerated pace. However, benchmarking on large-scale real-world data such as electronic health records…

Electronic health records (EHRs) are designed to synthesize diverse data types, including unstructured clinical notes, structured lab tests, and time-series visit data. Physicians draw on these multimodal and temporal sources of EHR data to…

Clinical reasoning in medicine is a hypothesis-driven process where physicians refine diagnoses from limited information through targeted history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations. In contrast, current medical benchmarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christopher Chiu , Silviu Pitis , Mihaela van der Schaar

While pioneering deep learning methods have made great strides in analyzing electronic health record (EHR) data, they often struggle to fully capture the semantics of diverse medical codes from limited data. The integration of external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Zhihao Yu , Yujie Jin , Yongxin Xu , Xu Chu , Yasha Wang , Junfeng Zhao

Epilepsy diagnosis and treatment require evidence-intensive reasoning across heterogeneous clinical knowledge, including biosignal patterns, genetic mechanisms, pharmacogenomics, treatment strategies, and patient outcomes. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Yuyang Dai , Zheng Chen , Jathurshan Pradeepkumar , Yasuko Matsubara , Jimeng Sun , Yasushi Sakurai , Yushun Dong

Large language models (LLMs) have recently showcased remarkable capabilities, spanning a wide range of tasks and applications, including those in the medical domain. Models like GPT-4 excel in medical question answering but may face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Bowen Wang , Jiuyang Chang , Yiming Qian , Guoxin Chen , Junhao Chen , Zhouqiang Jiang , Jiahao Zhang , Yuta Nakashima , Hajime Nagahara

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on standard medical benchmarks, yet their true clinical reasoning ability remains unclear. Existing datasets predominantly emphasize classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Miao Jing , Mengting Jia , Junling Lin , Zhongxia Shen , Huan Gao , Mingkun Xu , Shangyang Li

Echocardiographic diagnosis is vital for cardiac screening yet remains challenging. Existing echocardiography foundation models do not effectively capture the relationships between quantitative measurements and clinical manifestations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yi Qin , Lehan Wang , Chenxu Zhao , Alex P. W. Lee , Xiaomeng Li

In this study, we introduced a new benchmark consisting of a curated dataset and a defined evaluation process to assess the compositional reasoning capabilities of large language models within the chemistry domain. We designed and validated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Mohammad Khodadad , Ali Shiraee Kasmaee , Mahdi Astaraki , Nicholas Sherck , Hamidreza Mahyar , Soheila Samiee

Large language models (LLMs) are deployed on increasingly complex tasks that require multi-step decision-making. Understanding their algorithmic reasoning abilities is therefore crucial. However, we lack a diagnostic benchmark for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yu He , Yingxi Li , Colin White , Ellen Vitercik

Current medical retrieval benchmarks primarily emphasize lexical or shallow semantic similarity, overlooking the reasoning-intensive demands that are central to clinical decision-making. In practice, physicians often retrieve authoritative…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiangxu Zhang , Lei Li , Xiao Zhou , Zheng Liu