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Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a generalist robotic agent. However, existing VLAs are hindered by excessive parameter scales, prohibitive pre-training requirements, and limited applicability to diverse embodiments. To…

Vision--language--action (VLA) models are typically built by fine-tuning a pretrained vision--language model (VLM) on action data. However, we show that this standard recipe systematically erodes the VLM's multimodal competence, a side…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jianke Zhang , Yuanfei Luo , Yucheng Hu , Xiaoyu Chen , Yanjiang Guo , Ziyang Liu , Hongbin Xu , Tian Lan , Jianyu Chen

Although Vision-Language Models (VLM) have demonstrated impressive planning and reasoning capabilities, translating these abilities into the physical world introduces significant challenges. Conventional Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mingyu Liu , Zheng Huang , Xiaoyi Lin , Muzhi Zhu , Canyu Zhao , Zongze Du , Yating Wang , Haoyi Zhu , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models have significantly advanced robotic manipulation by unifying perception, reasoning, and control. To achieve such integration, recent studies adopt a predictive paradigm that models future visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yijie Zhu , Jie He , Rui Shao , Kaishen Yuan , Tao Tan , Xiaochen Yuan , Zitong Yu

Vision-language-action (VLA) models extend vision-language models (VLM) by integrating action generation modules for robotic manipulation. Leveraging the strengths of VLM in vision perception and instruction understanding, VLA models…

Embodied AI is widely recognized as a cornerstone of artificial general intelligence (AGI) because it involves controlling embodied agents to perform tasks in the physical world. Building on the success of large language models (LLMs) and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yueen Ma , Zixing Song , Yuzheng Zhuang , Jianye Hao , Irwin King

Vision-Language-Action Models (VLAs) inherit their visual and linguistic capabilities from Vision-Language Models (VLMs), yet most VLAs are built from off-the-shelf VLMs that are not adapted to the embodied domain, limiting their downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yiyang Du , Zhanqiu Guo , Xin Ye , Liu Ren , Chenyan Xiong

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models show strong generalization for robotic control, but finetuning them with reinforcement learning (RL) is constrained by the high cost and safety risks of real-world interaction. Training VLA models in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhilong Zhang , Haoxiang Ren , Yihao Sun , Yifei Sheng , Haonan Wang , Haoxin Lin , Zhichao Wu , Pierre-Luc Bacon , Yang Yu

Vision-Language Action (VLAs) models promise to extend the remarkable success of vision-language models (VLMs) to robotics. Yet, unlike VLMs in the vision-language domain, VLAs for robotics require finetuning to contend with varying…

Vision-language-action (VLA) models are emerging as embodied foundation models for robotic manipulation, but their deployment introduces a new unlearning challenge: removing unsafe, spurious, or privacy-sensitive behaviors without degrading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ravi Ranjan , Agoritsa Polyzou

Despite the impressive performance of autoregressive Language Models (LM) it has been shown that due to reporting bias, LMs lack visual knowledge, i.e. they do not know much about the visual world and its properties. To augment LMs with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Paula Ontalvilla , Aitor Ormazabal , Gorka Azkune

Robotic manipulation, a key frontier in robotics and embodied AI, requires precise motor control and multimodal understanding, yet traditional rule-based methods fail to scale or generalize in unstructured, novel environments. In recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Rui Shao , Wei Li , Lingsen Zhang , Renshan Zhang , Zhiyang Liu , Ran Chen , Liqiang Nie

The pursuit of out-of-distribution generalization in Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models is often hindered by catastrophic forgetting of the Vision-Language Model (VLM) backbone during fine-tuning. While co-training with external reasoning…

Fine-tuning is becoming widely used for leveraging the power of pre-trained foundation models in new downstream tasks. While there are many successes of fine-tuning on various tasks, recent studies have observed challenges in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yuji Roh , Qingyun Liu , Huan Gui , Zhe Yuan , Yujin Tang , Steven Euijong Whang , Liang Liu , Shuchao Bi , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi , Zhe Zhao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are powerful tools for processing and understanding text and images. We study the processing of visual tokens in the language model component of LLaVA, a prominent VLM. Our approach focuses on analyzing the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Clement Neo , Luke Ong , Philip Torr , Mor Geva , David Krueger , Fazl Barez

Vision-Language-Action models have emerged as a promising paradigm for robotic manipulation by unifying perception, language grounding, and action generation. However, they often struggle in scenarios requiring precise spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tao Lin , Yuxin Du , Jiting Liu , Nuobei Zhu , Yunhe Li , Yuqian Fu , Yinxinyu Chen , Hongyi Cai , Zewei Ye , Bing Cheng , Kai Ye , Yiran Mao , Yilei Zhong , MingKang Dong , Junchi Yan , Gen Li , Bo Zhao

Vision-language-action (VLA) models trained on large-scale internet data and robot demonstrations have the potential to serve as generalist robot policies. However, despite their large-scale training, VLAs are often brittle to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Asher J. Hancock , Allen Z. Ren , Anirudha Majumdar

Visual language models (VLMs) rapidly progressed with the recent success of large language models. There have been growing efforts on visual instruction tuning to extend the LLM with visual inputs, but lacks an in-depth study of the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Ji Lin , Hongxu Yin , Wei Ping , Yao Lu , Pavlo Molchanov , Andrew Tao , Huizi Mao , Jan Kautz , Mohammad Shoeybi , Song Han

Language provides a natural interface to specify and evaluate performance on visual tasks. To realize this possibility, vision language models (VLMs) must successfully integrate visual and linguistic information. Our work compares VLMs to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Stephanie Fu , Tyler Bonnen , Devin Guillory , Trevor Darrell

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have recently become highly prominent in the field of robotics. Leveraging vision-language foundation models trained on large-scale internet data, the VLA model can generate robotic actions directly from…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Wei Zhao , Gongsheng Li , Zhefei Gong , Pengxiang Ding , Han Zhao , Donglin Wang