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Normalizing flows model complex probability distributions using maps obtained by composing invertible layers. Special linear layers such as masked and 1x1 convolutions play a key role in existing architectures because they increase…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Chenlin Meng , Linqi Zhou , Kristy Choi , Tri Dao , Stefano Ermon

Efficient gradient computation of the Jacobian determinant term is a core problem in many machine learning settings, and especially so in the normalizing flow framework. Most proposed flow models therefore either restrict to a function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 T. Anderson Keller , Jorn W. T. Peters , Priyank Jaini , Emiel Hoogeboom , Patrick Forré , Max Welling

Normalizing flows are an essential alternative to GANs for generative modelling, which can be optimized directly on the maximum likelihood of the dataset. They also allow computation of the exact latent vector corresponding to an image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Sandeep Nagar , Marius Dufraisse , Girish Varma

Normalizing flows are deep generative models that allow efficient likelihood calculation and sampling. The core requirement for this advantage is that they are constructed using functions that can be efficiently inverted and for which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-11 You Lu , Bert Huang

This thesis presents novel contributions in two primary areas: advancing the efficiency of generative models, particularly normalizing flows, and applying generative models to solve real-world computer vision challenges. The first part…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Sandeep Nagar

A normalizing flow is an invertible mapping between an arbitrary probability distribution and a standard normal distribution; it can be used for density estimation and statistical inference. Computing the flow follows the change of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Derek Onken , Samy Wu Fung , Xingjian Li , Lars Ruthotto

The Normalizing Flow (NF) models a general probability density by estimating an invertible transformation applied on samples drawn from a known distribution. We introduce a new type of NF, called Deep Diffeomorphic Normalizing Flow (DDNF).…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-26 Hadi Salman , Payman Yadollahpour , Tom Fletcher , Kayhan Batmanghelich

Normalizing flows are a powerful class of generative models demonstrating strong performance in several speech and vision problems. In contrast to other generative models, normalizing flows are latent variable models with tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Dmitry Baranchuk , Vladimir Aliev , Artem Babenko

A normalizing flow models a complex probability density as an invertible transformation of a simple density. The invertibility means that we can evaluate densities and generate samples from a flow. In practice, autoregressive flow-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-06 Conor Durkan , Artur Bekasov , Iain Murray , George Papamakarios

Many application domains, spanning from computational photography to medical imaging, require recovery of high-fidelity images from noisy, incomplete or partial/compressed measurements. State of the art methods for solving these inverse…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-13 Xinyi Wei , Hans van Gorp , Lizeth Gonzalez Carabarin , Daniel Freedman , Yonina C. Eldar , Ruud J. G. van Sloun

Normalizing flows attempt to model an arbitrary probability distribution through a set of invertible mappings. These transformations are required to achieve a tractable Jacobian determinant that can be used in high-dimensional scenarios.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-14 Hadi M. Dolatabadi , Sarah Erfani , Christopher Leckie

This paper introduces a new method to build linear flows, by taking the exponential of a linear transformation. This linear transformation does not need to be invertible itself, and the exponential has the following desirable properties: it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Emiel Hoogeboom , Victor Garcia Satorras , Jakub M. Tomczak , Max Welling

Invertible convolutions have been an essential element for building expressive normalizing flow-based generative models since their introduction in Glow. Several attempts have been made to design invertible $k \times k$ convolutions that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Aditya Kallappa , Sandeep Nagar , Girish Varma

Generating new molecules is fundamental to advancing critical applications such as drug discovery and material synthesis. Flows can generate molecules effectively by inverting the encoding process, however, existing flow models either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Yogesh Verma , Samuel Kaski , Markus Heinonen , Vikas Garg

Normalizing flows are generative models that provide tractable density estimation via an invertible transformation from a simple base distribution to a complex target distribution. However, this technique cannot directly model data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-15 Brendan Leigh Ross , Jesse C. Cresswell

Generating high-dimensional visual modalities is a computationally intensive task. A common solution is progressive generation, where the outputs are synthesized in a coarse-to-fine spectral autoregressive manner. While diffusion models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Moayed Haji-Ali , Willi Menapace , Ivan Skorokhodov , Arpit Sahni , Sergey Tulyakov , Vicente Ordonez , Aliaksandr Siarohin

Deep Gaussian processes (DGPs), a hierarchical composition of GP models, have successfully boosted the expressive power of their single-layer counterpart. However, it is impossible to perform exact inference in DGPs, which has motivated the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Haibin Yu , Dapeng Liu , Yizhou Chen , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Patrick Jaillet

Normalizing flows model a complex target distribution in terms of a bijective transform operating on a simple base distribution. As such, they enable tractable computation of a number of important statistical quantities, particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Chandramouli Shama Sastry , Andreas Lehrmann , Marcus Brubaker , Alexander Radovic

Generative flows are attractive because they admit exact likelihood optimization and efficient image synthesis. Recently, Kingma & Dhariwal (2018) demonstrated with Glow that generative flows are capable of generating high quality images.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Emiel Hoogeboom , Rianne van den Berg , Max Welling

Normalizing Flows provide a principled framework for high-dimensional density estimation and generative modeling by constructing invertible transformations with tractable Jacobian determinants. We propose Fractal Flow, a novel normalizing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-28 Binhui Zhang , Jianwei Ma
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