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The collaboration between agents has gradually become an important topic in multi-agent systems. The key is how to efficiently solve the credit assignment problems. This paper introduces MGAN for collaborative multi-agent reinforcement…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Zhiwei Xu , Bin Zhang , Yunpeng Bai , Dapeng Li , Guoliang Fan

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled the development of multi-agent systems where multiple LLM-based agents collaborate on complex tasks. However, existing systems often rely on centralized coordination, leading…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yingxuan Yang , Huacan Chai , Shuai Shao , Yuanyi Song , Siyuan Qi , Renting Rui , Weinan Zhang

Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation (GraphRAG) has shown great effectiveness in enhancing the reasoning abilities of LLMs by leveraging graph structures for knowledge representation and modeling complex real-world relationships. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Chuanyue Yu , Kuo Zhao , Yuhan Li , Heng Chang , Mingjian Feng , Xiangzhe Jiang , Yufei Sun , Jia Li , Yuzhi Zhang , Jianxin Li , Ziwei Zhang

Recent research on Reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sought to further enhance their performance by integrating meta-thinking -- enabling models to monitor, evaluate, and control their reasoning processes for more adaptive and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ziyu Wan , Yunxiang Li , Xiaoyu Wen , Yan Song , Hanjing Wang , Linyi Yang , Mark Schmidt , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang , Shuyue Hu , Ying Wen

In multi-agent reinforcement learning, a commonly considered paradigm is centralized training with decentralized execution. However, in this framework, decentralized execution restricts the development of coordinated policies due to the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Wenzhe Fan , Zishun Yu , Chengdong Ma , Changye Li , Yaodong Yang , Xinhua Zhang

Graph Chain-of-Thought (Graph-CoT) enables large language models (LLMs) to perform step-by-step reasoning over graph-structured knowledge, but existing pipelines suffer from low accuracy, excessive token usage, high latency, and low…

With the rise of large language models (LLMs), there has been growing interest in Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) for graph-based tasks. By leveraging LLMs as predictors, GFMs have demonstrated impressive generalizability across various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Runlin Lei , Jiarui Ji , Haipeng Ding , Lu Yi , Zhewei Wei , Yongchao Liu , Chuntao Hong

Memory-Augmented Generation (MAG) extends Large Language Models with external memory to support long-context reasoning, but existing approaches largely rely on semantic similarity over monolithic memory stores, entangling temporal, causal,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Dongming Jiang , Yi Li , Guanpeng Li , Bingzhe Li

Web agents, which couple language models with browsing and tool-use capabilities, show promise as open web assistants. Yet progress is increasingly limited by the lack of scalable, process-level supervision. Existing benchmarks are largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tenghao Huang , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Yilun Zhou , Muhao Chen , Jonathan May , Chien-Sheng Wu

Conventional Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) approaches are common in text-based applications. However, they struggle with structured, interconnected datasets like knowledge graphs, where understanding underlying relationships is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Savini Kashmira , Jayanaka L. Dantanarayana , Krisztián Flautner , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have enabled significant progress in decision-making and task planning for embodied autonomous agents. However, most existing methods struggle with complex, long-horizon tasks because they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jae-Woo Choi , Hyungmin Kim , Hyobin Ong , Youngwoo Yoon , Minsu Jang , Dohyung Kim , Jaehong Kim

AI agents are increasingly used to solve complex, multi-step tasks, but existing multi-agent frameworks remain brittle as workflows grow in scale and depth. Small errors at intermediate stages can propagate through agent interactions, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andy Xu , Yu-Wing Tai

The dominant paradigm for building LLM based agents is the Agent Loop, an iterative cycle where a single language model decides what to do next by reading an ever growing context window. This paradigm has three structural weaknesses:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hu Wei

Knowledge graphs provide structured and reliable information for many real-world applications, motivating increasing interest in combining large language models (LLMs) with graph-based retrieval to improve factual grounding. Recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yuchen Ying , Weiqi Jiang , Tongya Zheng , Yu Wang , Shunyu Liu , Kaixuan Chen , Mingli Song

Through the collaboration of multiple LLM-empowered agents possessing diverse expertise and tools, multi-agent systems achieve impressive progress in solving real-world problems. Given the user queries, the meta-agents, serving as the brain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Ao Li , Yuexiang Xie , Songze Li , Fugee Tsung , Bolin Ding , Yaliang Li

Distributed learning is commonly used for training deep learning models, especially large models. In distributed learning, manual parallelism (MP) methods demand considerable human effort and have limited flexibility. Hence, automatic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Hao Lin , Ke Wu , Jie Li , Jun Li , Wu-Jun Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems but often struggle with long, conditional workflows that involve external tool calls and depend on user-specific information. We present Workflow…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maria Emilia Mazzolenis , Ruirui Zhang

Optimizing communication topology is fundamental to the efficiency and effectiveness of Large Language Model (LLM)-based Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). While recent approaches utilize reinforcement learning to dynamically construct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yueyang Cang , Xiaoteng Zhang , Erlu Zhao , Zehua Ji , Yuhang Liu , Yuchen He , Zhiyuan Ning , Chen Yijun , Wenge Que , Li Shi

We present MA-RAG, a Multi-Agent framework for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) that addresses the inherent ambiguities and reasoning challenges in complex information-seeking tasks. Unlike conventional RAG methods that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Thang Nguyen , Peter Chin , Yu-Wing Tai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan