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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been extensively used as a de facto paradigm in various large language model (LLM)-driven applications on mobile devices, such as mobile assistants leveraging personal emails or meeting records.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Kaiwei Liu , Liekang Zeng , Lilin Xu , Bufang Yang , Zhenyu Yan

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with knowledge-intensive tasks due to hallucinations and outdated parametric knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by integrating external corpora, its effectiveness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Su Dong , Qinggang Zhang , Yilin Xiao , Shengyuan Chen , Chuang Zhou , Xiao Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in leveraging extensive external knowledge to enhance responses in multi-turn and agentic applications, such as retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiaoqiang Lin , Aritra Ghosh , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Anshumali Shrivastava , Vijai Mohan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted paradigm for enabling knowledge-grounded large language models (LLMs). However, standard RAG pipelines often fail to ensure that model reasoning remains consistent with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jiaqi Wei , Hao Zhou , Xiang Zhang , Di Zhang , Zijie Qiu , Wei Wei , Jinzhe Li , Wanli Ouyang , Siqi Sun

As an effective method to boost the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the question answering (QA) task, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which queries highly relevant information from external complex documents, has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Shu Wang , Yingli Zhou , Yixiang Fang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) plays a crucial role in grounding Large Language Models by leveraging external knowledge, whereas the effectiveness is often compromised by the retrieval of contextually flawed or incomplete information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yaoze Zhang , Rong Wu , Pinlong Cai , Xiaoman Wang , Guohang Yan , Song Mao , Ding Wang , Botian Shi

This work presents E-ReCON, a 16 Kb energy and resource-efficient digital compute-in-memory (DCIM) macro based on a compact 3T1R ReRAM bitcell for edge-AI inference. The proposed bitcell occupies only 0.85 um^2 and supports reliable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ankit Kumar Tenwar , Mukul Lokhande , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

The existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant challenges in terms of cost and effectiveness. On one hand, they need to encode the lengthy retrieved contexts before responding to the input tasks, which imposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Zheng Liu , Chenyuan Wu , Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Chaozhuo Li , Defu Lian

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is essential for integrating external knowledge into Large Language Model (LLM) outputs. While the literature on RAG is growing, it primarily focuses on systematic reviews and comparisons of new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Matouš Eibich , Shivay Nagpal , Alexander Fred-Ojala

Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models (LLMs), which integrate external knowledge, have shown remarkable performance in medical domains, including clinical diagnosis. However, existing RAG methods often struggle to tailor retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jiawei He , Mingyi Jia , Zhihao Jia , Junwen Duan , Yan Song , Jianxin Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) prevails in Large Language Models. It mainly consists of retrieval and generation. The retrieval modules (a.k.a. retrievers) aim to find useful information used to facilitate the generation modules…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xinping Zhao , Yan Zhong , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Recent advances in graph learning have paved the way for innovative retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems that leverage the inherent relational structures in graph data. However, many existing approaches suffer from rigid, fixed…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yuan Li , Jun Hu , Jiaxin Jiang , Zemin Liu , Bryan Hooi , Bingsheng He

Accurate intent classification is critical for efficient routing in customer service, ensuring customers are connected with the most suitable agents while reducing handling times and operational costs. However, as companies expand their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ziji Zhang , Michael Yang , Zhiyu Chen , Yingying Zhuang , Shu-Ting Pi , Qun Liu , Rajashekar Maragoud , Vy Nguyen , Anurag Beniwal

Research question answering requires accurate retrieval and contextual understanding of scientific literature. However, current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) methods often struggle to balance complex document relationships with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yuntong Hu , Zhihan Lei , Zhongjie Dai , Allen Zhang , Abhinav Angirekula , Zheng Zhang , Liang Zhao

Diffusion models (DMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable generation capability. However, their training generally requires huge computational resources and large-scale datasets. To solve these, recent studies empower DMs with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hao Fang , Xiaohang Sui , Hongyao Yu , Kuofeng Gao , Jiawei Kong , Sijin Yu , Bin Chen , Shu-Tao Xia

Recently, Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has shifted focus to multi-retrieval approaches to tackle complex tasks such as multi-hop question answering. However, these systems struggle to decide when to stop searching once enough…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gabriel Iturra-Bocaz , Petra Galuscakova

This study presents a method for implementing generative AI services by utilizing the Large Language Models (LLM) application architecture. With recent advancements in generative AI technology, LLMs have gained prominence across various…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Cheonsu Jeong

As the demand for efficient, low-power computing in embedded and edge devices grows, traditional computing methods are becoming less effective for handling complex tasks. Stochastic computing (SC) offers a promising alternative by…

This systematic review of the research literature on retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) provides a focused analysis of the most highly cited studies published between 2020 and May 2025. A total of 128 articles met our inclusion criteria.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Andrew Brown , Muhammad Roman , Barry Devereux

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are increasingly deployed on large-scale document collections, often comprising millions of documents and tens of millions of text chunks. In industrial-scale retrieval platforms, scalability is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Dario Maio , Stefano Rizzi