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Language models are often evaluated with scalar metrics like accuracy, but such measures fail to capture how models internally represent ambiguity, especially when human annotators disagree. We propose a topological perspective to analyze…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Nisrine Rair , Alban Goupil , Valeriu Vrabie , Emmanuel Chochoy

Emotional support is a core capability in human-AI interaction, with applications including psychological counseling, role play, and companionship. However, existing evaluations of large language models (LLMs) often rely on short, static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Zhouxing Tan , Ruochong Xiong , Yulong Wan , Jinlong Ma , Hanlin Xue , Qichun Deng , Haifeng Jing , Zhengtong Zhang , Depei Liu , Shiyuan Luo , Junfei Liu

Dynamic HoTT (DHoTT) is a conservative extension of Homotopy Type Theory designed for evolving texts in conversational AI. In a chat system, a large language model (LLM) is queried with a growing prefix: at turn tau the input is C(tau), the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Iman Poernomo

Dynamic Topological Logic ($\mathcal{DTL}$) is a combination of $\mathcal{S}${\em 4}, under its topological interpretation, and the temporal logic $\mathcal{LTL}$ interpreted over the natural numbers. $\mathcal{DTL}$ is used to reason about…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-11-22 David Fernández-Duque

Large Language Models (LLMs) with API-calling capabilities enabled building effective Language Agents (LA), while also revolutionizing the conventional task-oriented dialogue (TOD) paradigm. However, current approaches face a critical…

Interpretability remains a key difficulty in sentiment analysis with Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in high-stakes applications where it is crucial to comprehend the rationale behind forecasts. This research addressed this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Thivya Thogesan , Anupiya Nugaliyadde , Kok Wai Wong

We introduce a framework for learning continuous neural representations of formal specifications by distilling the geometry of their semantics into a latent space. Existing approaches rely either on symbolic kernels -- which preserve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Sara Candussio , Gabriele Sarti , Gaia Saveri , Luca Bortolussi

Understanding how visual content conveys sentiment is increasingly important in a digital landscape dominated by imagery. However, sentiment perception depends on complex scene-level semantics, making this a challenging task for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Neemias B. da Silva , John Harrison , Rodrigo Minetto , Myriam R. Delgado , Bogdan T. Nassu , Thiago H. Silva

Capturing a video's meaning and critical concepts by analyzing the subtle details is a fundamental yet challenging task in video captioning. Identifying the dominant emotional tone in a video significantly enhances the perception of its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Ehsan Faghihi , Mohammedreza Zarenejad , Ali-Asghar Beheshti Shirazi

Large language models excel at generating fluent text but frequently struggle with structured reasoning involving temporal constraints, causal relationships, and probabilistic reasoning. To address these limitations, we propose Temporal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hong Qing Yu

Topological mapping offers a compact and robust representation for navigation, but progress in the field is hindered by the lack of standardized evaluation metrics, datasets, and protocols. Existing systems are assessed using different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jiaming Wang , Diwen Liu , Jizhuo Chen , Harold Soh

Understanding the internal mechanisms of large language models (LLMs) is integral to enhancing their reliability, interpretability, and inference processes. We present Constituent-Aware Pooling (CAP), a methodology designed to analyse how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Nura Aljaafari , Danilo S. Carvalho , André Freitas

Reasoning in Large Language Models incurs significant inference-time compute, yet the token-level information structure of reasoning traces remains underexplored. We observe that reasoning tokens split into two functional types: low-entropy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Zhenyu Zhao , Sander Land , Daniel M. Bikel , Waseem Alshikh

Recent works have emerged in multi-annotator learning that shift focus from Consensus-oriented Learning (CoL), which aggregates multiple annotations into a single ground-truth prediction, to Individual Tendency Learning (ITL), which models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Liyun Zhang , Fengkai Liu , Xuanmeng Sha , Bowen Wang , Hong Liu , Zheng Lian

This study introduces Bidirectional Topic Matching (BTM), a novel method for cross-corpus topic modeling that quantifies thematic overlap and divergence between corpora. BTM is a flexible framework that can incorporate various topic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Raven Adam , Marie Lisa Kogler

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are experiencing a revolution driven by Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the evaluation methodologies for these systems remain insufficient for their growing sophistication. While traditional automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Emre Can Acikgoz , Carl Guo , Suvodip Dey , Akul Datta , Takyoung Kim , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to attribute mental states to others, is a hallmark of social intelligence. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate promising performance on standard ToM benchmarks, we observe that they often fail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mengfan Li , Xuanhua Shi , Yang Deng

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) delivers strong cross modal generalization by aligning images and texts in a shared embedding space, yet it persistently fails at compositional reasoning over objects, attributes, and relations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Ziliang Chen , Tianang Xiao , Jusheng Zhang , Yongsen Zheng , Xipeng Chen

This research paper addresses the challenge of modality mismatch in multimodal learning, where the modalities available during inference differ from those available at training. We propose the Text-centric Alignment for Multi-Modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Yun-Da Tsai , Ting-Yu Yen , Pei-Fu Guo , Zhe-Yan Li , Shou-De Lin

Aspect-level sentiment analysis aims to determine the sentiment polarity towards a specific target in a sentence. The main challenge of this task is to effectively model the relation between targets and sentiments so as to filter out noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Lvxiaowei Xu , Xiaoxuan Pang , Jianwang Wu , Ming Cai , Jiawei Peng