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Plagiarism is the practice of claiming to be someone else content, thoughts or ideas as one own without any proper credit and citations. This paper is a survey paper that, represent the some of the great research paper and its comparison…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Jabir Al Nahian , Abu Kaisar Mohammad Masum

An essential part of software maintenance and evolution, refactoring is performed by developers, regardless of technology or domain, to improve the internal quality of the system, and reduce its technical debt. However, choosing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Anthony Peruma , Steven Simmons , Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Christian D. Newman , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Ali Ouni

Code cloning is not only assumed to inflate maintenance costs but also considered defect-prone as inconsistent changes to code duplicates can lead to unexpected behavior. Consequently, the identification of duplicated code, clone detection,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Elmar Juergens , Florian Deissenboeck , Benjamin Hummel , Stefan Wagner

Forgery operations on video contents are nowadays within the reach of anyone, thanks to the availability of powerful and user-friendly editing software. Integrity verification and authentication of videos represent a major interest in both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Sebastiano Verde , Paolo Bestagini , Simone Milani , Giancarlo Calvagno , Stefano Tubaro

To refactor already working code while keeping reliability, compatibility and perhaps security, we can borrow ideas from micropass/nanopass compilers. By treating the procedure of software refactoring as composing code transformations, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Yu Liu

Watermarking combines an imperceptible change to an input image that will trigger a detector, to assert provenance and protect intellectual property. The literature has shown great interest in attacks on watermarking schemes: attackers are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Maria Bulychev , Neil G. Marchant , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Program obfuscation is increasingly popular among malware creators. Objectively comparing different malware detection approaches with respect to their resilience against obfuscation is challenging. To the best of our knowledge, there is no…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-02-16 Sebastian Banescu , Tobias Wüchner , Marius Guggenmos , Martín Ochoa , Alexander Pretschner

Due to the rising threat of deepfakes to security and privacy, it is most important to develop robust and reliable detectors. In this paper, we examine the need for high-quality samples in the training datasets of such detectors.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Arian Beckmann , Anna Hilsmann , Peter Eisert

With the rapid development of deep learning, the implementation of intricate algorithms and substantial data processing have become standard elements of deep learning projects. As a result, the code has become progressively complex as the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Siqi Wang , Xing Hu , Bei Wang , Wenxin Yao , Xin Xia , Xinyu Wang

The prevalence of different kinds of electronic devices and the volume of content on the Web have increased the amount of plagiarism, which is considered an unethical act. If we want to be efficient in the detection and prevention of these…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Aljaž Zrnec , Dejan Lavbič

Recent proliferation of generative AI tools for visual content creation-particularly in the context of visual artworks-has raised serious concerns about copyright infringement and forgery. The large-scale datasets used to train these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Haroon Wahab , Hassan Ugail , Irfan Mehmood

Typical fingerprint recognition systems are comprised of a spoof detection module and a subsequent recognition module, running one after the other. In this paper, we reformulate the workings of a typical fingerprint recognition system. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Additya Popli , Saraansh Tandon , Joshua J. Engelsma , Naoyuki Onoe , Atsushi Okubo , Anoop Namboodiri

Deepfake detection refers to detecting artificially generated or edited faces in images or videos, which plays an essential role in visual information security. Despite promising progress in recent years, Deepfake detection remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Chunlei Peng , Huiqing Guo , Decheng Liu , Nannan Wang , Ruimin Hu , Xinbo Gao

JavaScript obfuscators are widely deployed to protect intellectual property and resist reverse engineering, yet their correctness has been largely overlooked compared to performance and resilience. Existing evaluations typically measure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Shan Jiang , Chenguang Zhu , Sarfraz Khurshid

Commits often involve refactorings -- behavior-preserving code modifications aiming at software design improvements. Refactoring operations pose a challenge to code reviewers, as distinguishing them from behavior-altering changes is often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Benjamin Ritz , Aleksandar Karakaš , Denis Helic

Software refactoring aims at improving code quality while preserving the system's external behavior. Although in principle refactoring is a behavior-preserving activity, a study presented by Bavota et al. in 2012 reported the proneness of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Massimiliano Di Penta , Gabriele Bavota , Fiorella Zampetti

Biometrics systems have significantly improved person identification and authentication, playing an important role in personal, national, and global security. However, these systems might be deceived (or "spoofed") and, despite the recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-17 David Menotti , Giovani Chiachia , Allan Pinto , William Robson Schwartz , Helio Pedrini , Alexandre Xavier Falcao , Anderson Rocha

Deepfake or synthetic images produced using deep generative models pose serious risks to online platforms. This has triggered several research efforts to accurately detect deepfake images, achieving excellent performance on publicly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Sifat Muhammad Abdullah , Aravind Cheruvu , Shravya Kanchi , Taejoong Chung , Peng Gao , Murtuza Jadliwala , Bimal Viswanath

Face anti-spoofing (FAS) has lately attracted increasing attention due to its vital role in securing face recognition systems from presentation attacks (PAs). As more and more realistic PAs with novel types spring up, traditional FAS…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Zitong Yu , Yunxiao Qin , Xiaobai Li , Chenxu Zhao , Zhen Lei , Guoying Zhao

In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital security, biometric authentication systems, particularly facial recognition, have emerged as integral components of various security protocols. However, the reliability of these systems is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Oleksandr Kuznetsov , Emanuele Frontoni , Luca Romeo , Riccardo Rosati , Andrea Maranesi , Alessandro Muscatello