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Most resources for evaluating social biases in Large Language Models are developed without co-design from the communities affected by these biases, and rarely involve participatory approaches. We introduce HESEIA, a dataset of 46,499…

This paper addresses the critical gap in evaluating bias in multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs), with a specific focus on Spanish language within culturally-aware Latin American contexts. Despite widespread global deployment, current…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Melissa Robles , Catalina Bernal , Denniss Raigoso , Mateo Dulce Rubio

Multilingual studies of social bias in open-ended LLM generation remain limited: most existing benchmarks are English-centric, template-based, or restricted to recognizing pre-specified stereotypes. We introduce StereoTales, a multilingual…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Pierre Le Jeune , Étienne Duchesne , Weixuan Xiao , Stefano Palminteri , Bazire Houssin , Benoît Malézieux , Matteo Dora

Stereotype repositories are critical to assess generative AI model safety, but currently lack adequate global coverage. It is imperative to prioritize targeted expansion, strategically addressing existing deficits, over merely increasing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Aishwarya Verma , Laud Ammah , Olivia Nercy Ndlovu Lucas , Andrew Zaldivar , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Sunipa Dev

High-dimensional, heterogeneous data with complex feature interactions pose significant challenges for traditional predictive modeling approaches. While Projection to Latent Structures (PLS) remains a popular technique, it struggles to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Farwa Abbas , Hussain Ahmad , Claudia Szabo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant traction across critical domains owing to their impressive contextual understanding and generative capabilities. However, their increasing deployment in high stakes applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Santhosh G S , Akshay Govind S , Gokul S Krishnan , Balaraman Ravindran , Sriraam Natarajan

NLP models trained on text have been shown to reproduce human stereotypes, which can magnify harms to marginalized groups when systems are deployed at scale. We adapt the Agency-Belief-Communion (ABC) stereotype model of Koch et al. (2016)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Yang Trista Cao , Anna Sotnikova , Hal Daumé , Rachel Rudinger , Linda Zou

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems often reflect biases from economically advanced regions, marginalizing contexts in economically developing regions like Latin America due to imbalanced datasets. This paper examines AI representations of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Brigitte A. Mora-Reyes , Jennifer A. Drewyor , Abel A. Reyes-Angulo

As language models grow in popularity, it becomes increasingly important to clearly measure all possible markers of demographic identity in order to avoid perpetuating existing societal harms. Many datasets for measuring bias currently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Eric Michael Smith , Melissa Hall , Melanie Kambadur , Eleonora Presani , Adina Williams

While generative multilingual models are rapidly being deployed, their safety and fairness evaluations are largely limited to resources collected in English. This is especially problematic for evaluations targeting inherently socio-cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Mukul Bhutani , Kevin Robinson , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Shachi Dave , Sunipa Dev

Variations in languages across geographic regions or cultures are crucial to address to avoid biases in NLP systems designed for culturally sensitive tasks, such as hate speech detection or dialog with conversational agents. In languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Javier A. Lopetegui , Arij Riabi , Djamé Seddah

Stereotype benchmark datasets are crucial to detect and mitigate social stereotypes about groups of people in NLP models. However, existing datasets are limited in size and coverage, and are largely restricted to stereotypes prevalent in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Akshita Jha , Aida Davani , Chandan K. Reddy , Shachi Dave , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Sunipa Dev

Modern models for common NLP tasks often employ machine learning techniques and train on journalistic, social media, or other culturally-derived text. These have recently been scrutinized for racial and gender biases, rooting from inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Scott Friedman , Sonja Schmer-Galunder , Anthony Chen , Jeffrey Rye

Stereotypes influence social perceptions and can escalate into discrimination and violence. While NLP research has extensively addressed gender bias and hate speech, stereotype detection remains an emerging field with significant societal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Alessandra Teresa Cignarella , Anastasia Giachanou , Els Lefever

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit inequalities with respect to various cultural contexts. Most prominent open-weights models are trained on Global North data and show prejudicial behavior towards other cultures. Moreover, there is a…

Stereotype detection is a challenging and subjective task, as certain statements, such as "Black people like to play basketball," may not appear overtly toxic but still reinforce racial stereotypes. With the increasing prevalence of large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zekun Wu , Sahan Bulathwela , Maria Perez-Ortiz , Adriano Soares Koshiyama

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to propagate and amplify harmful stereotypes, particularly those that disproportionately affect marginalised communities. To understand the effect of these stereotypes more comprehensively, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Zara Siddique , Liam D. Turner , Luis Espinosa-Anke

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing but raises critical concerns about biases inherent in their deployment and use across diverse linguistic and sociocultural contexts. This paper…

Hate speech poses a serious threat to social cohesion and individual well-being, particularly on social media, where it spreads rapidly. While research on hate speech detection has progressed, it remains largely focused on English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Paloma Piot , José Ramom Pichel Campos , Javier Parapar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to inheriting and amplifying societal biases embedded within their training data, potentially reinforcing harmful stereotypes related to gender, occupation, and other sensitive categories. This issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Atmika Gorti , Manas Gaur , Aman Chadha
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