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Ensuring the safety of autonomous vehicles requires virtual scenario-based testing, which depends on the robust evaluation and generation of safety-critical scenarios. So far, researchers have used scenario-based testing frameworks that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Yuan Gao , Mattia Piccinini , Korbinian Moller , Amr Alanwar , Johannes Betz

Conventional end-to-end autonomous driving methods often rely on explicit global scene representations, which typically consist of 3D object detection, online mapping, and motion prediction. In contrast, human drivers selectively attend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ruiqi Song , Xianda Guo , Yanlun Peng , Qinggong Wei , Hangbin Wu , Long Chen

The advent of Large Language Models (LLM) provides new insights to validate Automated Driving Systems (ADS). In the herein-introduced work, a novel approach to extracting scenarios from naturalistic driving datasets is presented. A…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yongqi Zhao , Wenbo Xiao , Tomislav Mihalj , Jia Hu , Arno Eichberger

Current autonomous driving systems are composed of a perception system and a decision system. Both of them are divided into multiple subsystems built up with lots of human heuristics. An end-to-end approach might clean up the system and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Jianyu Chen , Zhuo Xu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Visual navigation for autonomous agents is a core task in the fields of computer vision and robotics. Learning-based methods, such as deep reinforcement learning, have the potential to outperform the classical solutions developed for this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Zachary Seymour , Kowshik Thopalli , Niluthpol Mithun , Han-Pang Chiu , Supun Samarasekera , Rakesh Kumar

Semantic Scene Completion (SSC) aims to perform geometric completion and semantic segmentation simultaneously. Despite the promising results achieved by existing studies, the inherently ill-posed nature of the task presents significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Hyun-Kurl Jang , Jihun Kim , Hyeokjun Kweon , Kuk-Jin Yoon

Shot language understanding (SLU) is crucial for cinematic analysis but remains challenging due to its diverse cinematographic dimensions and subjective expert judgment. While vision-language models (VLMs) have shown strong ability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Haoxin Liu , Harshavardhan Kamarthi , Zhiyuan Zhao , Hongjie Chen , B. Aditya Prakash

Behavior prediction remains one of the most challenging tasks in the autonomous vehicle (AV) software stack. Forecasting the future trajectories of nearby agents plays a critical role in ensuring road safety, as it equips AVs with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Francis Indaheng , Edward Kim , Kesav Viswanadha , Jay Shenoy , Jinkyu Kim , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia

The development of software components for autonomous driving functions should always include an extensive and rigorous evaluation. Since real-world testing is expensive and safety-critical -- especially when facing dynamic racing scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Tim Stahl , Johannes Betz

In this paper, we introduce a method for estimating blind spots for sensor setups of autonomous or automated vehicles and/or robotics applications. In comparison to previous methods that rely on geometric approximations, our presented…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Marc Uecker , J. Marius Zöllner

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly important, with automatic evaluation benchmarks gaining prominence as alternatives to human evaluation. While existing research has focused on approximating model rankings,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zongqi Wang , Tianle Gu , Chen Gong , Xin Tian , Siqi Bao , Yujiu Yang

Simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) play a vital role in autonomous robotics. Robotic platforms are often resource-constrained, and this limitation motivates resource-efficient SLAM implementations. While sparse visual SLAM…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Christiaan J. Müller , Corné E. van Daalen

In this paper, we present LookOut, a novel autonomy system that perceives the environment, predicts a diverse set of futures of how the scene might unroll and estimates the trajectory of the SDV by optimizing a set of contingency plans over…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Alexander Cui , Sergio Casas , Abbas Sadat , Renjie Liao , Raquel Urtasun

Spannotation is an open source user-friendly tool developed for image annotation for semantic segmentation specifically in autonomous navigation tasks. This study provides an evaluation of Spannotation, demonstrating its effectiveness in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Samuel O. Folorunsho , William R. Norris

Ensuring the safety of vision-language models (VLMs) in autonomous driving systems is of paramount importance, yet existing research has largely focused on conventional benchmarks rather than safety-critical evaluation. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Enming Zhang , Peizhe Gong , Xingyuan Dai , Min Huang , Yisheng Lv , Qinghai Miao

Speculative decoding (SD) has emerged as a widely used paradigm to accelerate LLM inference without compromising quality. It works by first employing a compact model to draft multiple tokens efficiently and then using the target LLM to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Heming Xia , Yongqi Li , Jun Zhang , Cunxiao Du , Wenjie Li

Simulation-based testing has become a standard approach to validating autonomous driving agents prior to real-world deployment. A high-quality validation campaign will exercise an agent in diverse contexts comprised of varying static…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Joy Saha , Trey Woodlief , Sebastian Elbaum , Matthew B. Dwyer

Modern industrial and service processes generate high-dimensional, non-Gaussian, and contamination-prone data that challenge the foundational assumptions of classical Statistical Process Control (SPC). Heavy tails, multimodality, nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-29 Waldyn G. Martinez

Occlusion-aware prediction remains a critical challenge in autonomous driving due to the inherent uncertainty of unobserved regions. Existing approaches either overestimate risk based on reachable states or struggle to predict accurate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jie Jia , Yaofeng Su , Zeyu Bao , Yun Hong , Bingzhao Gao , Zhongxue Gan , Wenchao Ding

Dynamic scenes contain intricate spatio-temporal information, crucial for mobile robots, UAVs, and autonomous driving systems to make informed decisions. Parsing these scenes into semantic triplets <Subject-Predicate-Object> for accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Hang Zhang , Zhuoling Li , Jun Liu