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Deploying links to fact-checking websites (so-called "snoping") is a common intervention that can be used by social media users to refute misleading claims. However, its real-world effect may be limited as it suffers from low visibility and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Moritz Pilarski , Kirill Solovev , Nicolas Pröllochs

X's Community Notes is a crowdsourced fact-checking system. To improve its scalability, X introduced ``Request Community Note'' feature, enabling users to solicit fact-checks from contributors on specific posts. Yet, its implications for…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuwei Chuai , Shuning Zhang , Ziming Wang , Xin Yi , Mohsen Mosleh , Gabriele Lenzini

Reducing the spread of misinformation is challenging. AI-based fact verification systems offer a promising solution by addressing the high costs and slow pace of traditional fact-checking. However, the problem of how to effectively…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Huiyun Tang , Björn Rohles , Yuwei Chuai , Gabriele Lenzini , Anastasia Sergeeva

Large language models show promising capabilities for contextual fact-checking on social media: they can verify contested claims through deep research, synthesize evidence from multiple sources, and draft explanations at scale. However,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haiwen Li , Michiel A. Bakker

Misinformation verification increasingly occurs in public, fast-moving, and multilingual online settings, where static benchmarks provide an incomplete measure of model reliability. We introduce CommunityFact, a refreshable benchmark for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sahajpreet Singh , Insyirah Mujtahid , Min-Yen Kan , Kokil Jaidka

The global spread of misinformation and concerns about content trustworthiness have driven the development of automated fact-checking systems. Since false information often exploits social media dynamics such as "likes" and user networks to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Vítor N. Lourenço , Aline Paes , Tillman Weyde

We build a novel database of around 285,000 notes from the Twitter Community Notes program to analyze the causal influence of appending contextual information to potentially misleading posts on their dissemination. Employing a difference in…

General Economics · Economics 2024-04-04 Thomas Renault , David Restrepo Amariles , Aurore Troussel

Social media platforms increasingly rely on crowdsourced moderation systems like Community Notes to combat misinformation at scale. However, these systems face challenges from rater bias and potential manipulation, which may undermine their…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Bao Tran Truong , Siqi Wu , Alessandro Flammini , Filippo Menczer , Alexander J. Stewart

The internet gives the world an open platform to express their views and share their stories. While this is very valuable, it makes fake news one of our society's most pressing problems. Manual fact checking process is time consuming, which…

The widespread of false information is a rising concern worldwide with critical social impact, inspiring the emergence of fact-checking organizations to mitigate misinformation dissemination. However, human-driven verification leads to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Vítor Lourenço , Aline Paes

Community Notes are emerging as an important option for content moderation. The Community Notes system pioneered by Twitter, now known as X, uses a bridging algorithm to identify user-generated context with upvotes across political divides,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zahra Arjmandi-Lari , Alexios Mantzarlis , Tom Stafford

Social networks scaffold the diffusion of information on social media. Much attention has been given to the spread of true vs. false content on online social platforms, including the structural differences between their diffusion patterns.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Isaac Slaughter , Axel Peytavin , Johan Ugander , Martin Saveski

Today, social media platforms are significant sources of news and political communication, but their role in spreading misinformation has raised significant concerns. In response, these platforms have implemented various content moderation…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Saeedeh Mohammadi , Taha Yasseri

Counterfactual explanations are a widely used approach in Explainable AI, offering actionable insights into decision-making by illustrating how small changes to input data can lead to different outcomes. Despite their importance, evaluating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Marharyta Domnich , Rasmus Moorits Veski , Julius Välja , Kadi Tulver , Raul Vicente

Displaying community fact-checks is a promising approach to reduce engagement with misinformation on social media. However, how users respond to misleading content emotionally after community fact-checks are displayed on posts is unclear.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yuwei Chuai , Anastasia Sergeeva , Gabriele Lenzini , Nicolas Pröllochs

Online social platforms increasingly rely on crowd-sourced systems to label misleading content at scale, but these systems must both aggregate users' evaluations and decide whose evaluations to trust. To address the latter, many platforms…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yeganeh Alimohammadi , Karissa Huang , Christian Borgs , Jennifer Chayes

Fact verification aims to automatically probe the veracity of a claim based on several pieces of evidence. Existing works are always engaging in accuracy improvement, let alone explainability, a critical capability of fact verification…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Huanhuan Ma , Weizhi Xu , Yifan Wei , Liuji Chen , Liang Wang , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of explainable fact-checking through a series of experiments, focusing on the ability of large language models to verify public health claims and provide explanations or justifications for their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Majid Zarharan , Pascal Wullschleger , Babak Behkam Kia , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar , Jennifer Foster

Most existing work on automated fact checking is concerned with predicting the veracity of claims based on metadata, social network spread, language used in claims, and, more recently, evidence supporting or denying claims. A crucial piece…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Pepa Atanasova , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Christina Lioma , Isabelle Augenstein

Human-annotated data plays a critical role in the fairness of AI systems, including those that deal with life-altering decisions or moderating human-created web/social media content. Conventionally, annotator disagreements are resolved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Sarah Luger , Saloni Poddar , Ashiqur R. KhudaBukhsh , Christopher M. Homan