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Automated analysis of 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a crucial role in the early screening and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In practice, it is common to see multiple co-occurring cardiac disorders, i.e., multi-label…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-07 Eedara Prabhakararao , Samarendra Dandapt

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used to recognize the user's state through electroencephalography (EEG) signals. In the previous studies, the EEG signals are usually fed into the CNNs in the form of high-dimensional raw…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Seong-Eun Moon , Chun-Jui Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Jane-Ling Wang , Jong-Seok Lee

The Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) represents a notable breakthrough in the domain of natural language processing, which is propelling us toward the development of machines that can understand and communicate using language in a…

Deep learning has significantly propelled the performance of ECG arrhythmia classification, yet its clinical adoption remains hindered by challenges in interpretability and deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. To bridge this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Tushar Talukder Showrav , Soyabul Islam Lincoln , Md. Kamrul Hasan

We develop a multi-task convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify multiple diagnoses from 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) using a dataset comprised of over 40,000 ECGs, with labels derived from cardiologist clinical interpretations.…

Understanding the interaction of neural and cardiac systems during cognitive activity is critical to advancing physiological computing. Although EEG has been the gold standard for assessing mental workload, its limited portability restricts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Akshay Sasi , Malavika Pradeep , Nusaibah Farrukh , Rahul Venugopal , Elizabeth Sherly

Heart murmurs provide valuable information about mechanical activity of the heart, which aids in diagnosis of various heart valve diseases. This work does automatic and accurate heart murmur detection from phonocardiogram (PCG) recordings.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-04 Ahmed Patwa , Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman , Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri

Electrocardiograms (ECGs), a medical monitoring technology recording cardiac activity, are widely used for diagnosing cardiac arrhythmia. The diagnosis is based on the analysis of the deformation of the signal shapes due to irregular heart…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-18 Parshuram N. Aarotale , Ajita Rattani

Objective: Gaussian Processes (GP)-based filters, which have been effectively used for various applications including electrocardiogram (ECG) filtering can be computationally demanding and the choice of their hyperparameters is typically ad…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-10 Mircea Dumitru , Qiao Li , Erick Andres Perez Alday , Ali Bahrami Rad , Gari D. Clifford , Reza Sameni

The advent of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has sparked interest in their application to electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. However, existing ECG-focused MLLMs primarily focus on report generation tasks, often limited to single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haitao Li , Ziyu Li , Yiheng Mao , Ziyi Liu , Zhoujian Sun , Zhengxing Huang

Cardiac auscultation is an essential clinical skill, requiring excellent hearing to distinguish subtle differences in timing and pitch of heart sounds. However, diagnosing solely from these sounds is often challenging due to interference…

This is the system card published alongside the OpenAI GPT-5 launch, August 2025. GPT-5 is a unified system with a smart and fast model that answers most questions, a deeper reasoning model for harder problems, and a real-time router that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Aaditya Singh , Adam Fry , Adam Perelman , Adam Tart , Adi Ganesh , Ahmed El-Kishky , Aidan McLaughlin , Aiden Low , AJ Ostrow , Akhila Ananthram , Akshay Nathan , Alan Luo , Alec Helyar , Aleksander Madry , Aleksandr Efremov , Aleksandra Spyra , Alex Baker-Whitcomb , Alex Beutel , Alex Karpenko , Alex Makelov , Alex Neitz , Alex Wei , Alexandra Barr , Alexandre Kirchmeyer , Alexey Ivanov , Alexi Christakis , Alistair Gillespie , Allison Tam , Ally Bennett , Alvin Wan , Alyssa Huang , Amy McDonald Sandjideh , Amy Yang , Ananya Kumar , Andre Saraiva , Andrea Vallone , Andrei Gheorghe , Andres Garcia Garcia , Andrew Braunstein , Andrew Liu , Andrew Schmidt , Andrey Mereskin , Andrey Mishchenko , Andy Applebaum , Andy Rogerson , Ann Rajan , Annie Wei , Anoop Kotha , Anubha Srivastava , Anushree Agrawal , Arun Vijayvergiya , Ashley Tyra , Ashvin Nair , Avi Nayak , Ben Eggers , Bessie Ji , Beth Hoover , Bill Chen , Blair Chen , Boaz Barak , Borys Minaiev , Botao Hao , Bowen Baker , Brad Lightcap , Brandon McKinzie , Brandon Wang , Brendan Quinn , Brian Fioca , Brian Hsu , Brian Yang , Brian Yu , Brian Zhang , Brittany Brenner , Callie Riggins Zetino , Cameron Raymond , Camillo Lugaresi , Carolina Paz , Cary Hudson , Cedric Whitney , Chak Li , Charles Chen , Charlotte Cole , Chelsea Voss , Chen Ding , Chen Shen , Chengdu Huang , Chris Colby , Chris Hallacy , Chris Koch , Chris Lu , Christina Kaplan , Christina Kim , CJ Minott-Henriques , Cliff Frey , Cody Yu , Coley Czarnecki , Colin Reid , Colin Wei , Cory Decareaux , Cristina Scheau , Cyril Zhang , Cyrus Forbes , Da Tang , Dakota Goldberg , Dan Roberts , Dana Palmie , Daniel Kappler , Daniel Levine , Daniel Wright , Dave Leo , David Lin , David Robinson , Declan Grabb , Derek Chen , Derek Lim , Derek Salama , Dibya Bhattacharjee , Dimitris Tsipras , Dinghua Li , Dingli Yu , DJ Strouse , Drew Williams , Dylan Hunn , Ed Bayes , Edwin Arbus , Ekin Akyurek , Elaine Ya Le , Elana Widmann , Eli Yani , Elizabeth Proehl , Enis Sert , Enoch Cheung , Eri Schwartz , Eric Han , Eric Jiang , Eric Mitchell , Eric Sigler , Eric Wallace , Erik Ritter , Erin Kavanaugh , Evan Mays , Evgenii Nikishin , Fangyuan Li , Felipe Petroski Such , Filipe de Avila Belbute Peres , Filippo Raso , Florent Bekerman , Foivos Tsimpourlas , Fotis Chantzis , Francis Song , Francis Zhang , Gaby Raila , Garrett McGrath , Gary Briggs , Gary Yang , Giambattista Parascandolo , Gildas Chabot , Grace Kim , Grace Zhao , Gregory Valiant , Guillaume Leclerc , Hadi Salman , Hanson Wang , Hao Sheng , Haoming Jiang , Haoyu Wang , Haozhun Jin , Harshit Sikchi , Heather Schmidt , Henry Aspegren , Honglin Chen , Huida Qiu , Hunter Lightman , Ian Covert , Ian Kivlichan , Ian Silber , Ian Sohl , Ibrahim Hammoud , Ignasi Clavera , Ikai Lan , Ilge Akkaya , Ilya Kostrikov , Irina Kofman , Isak Etinger , Ishaan Singal , Jackie Hehir , Jacob Huh , Jacqueline Pan , Jake Wilczynski , Jakub Pachocki , James Lee , James Quinn , Jamie Kiros , Janvi Kalra , Jasmyn Samaroo , Jason Wang , Jason Wolfe , Jay Chen , Jay Wang , Jean Harb , Jeffrey Han , Jeffrey Wang , Jennifer Zhao , Jeremy Chen , Jerene Yang , Jerry Tworek , Jesse Chand , Jessica Landon , Jessica Liang , Ji Lin , Jiancheng Liu , Jianfeng Wang , Jie Tang , Jihan Yin , Joanne Jang , Joel Morris , Joey Flynn , Johannes Ferstad , Johannes Heidecke , John Fishbein , John Hallman , Jonah Grant , Jonathan Chien , Jonathan Gordon , Jongsoo Park , Jordan Liss , Jos Kraaijeveld , Joseph Guay , Joseph Mo , Josh Lawson , Josh McGrath , Joshua Vendrow , Joy Jiao , Julian Lee , Julie Steele , Julie Wang , Junhua Mao , Kai Chen , Kai Hayashi , Kai Xiao , Kamyar Salahi , Kan Wu , Karan Sekhri , Karan Sharma , Karan Singhal , Karen Li , Kenny Nguyen , Keren Gu-Lemberg , Kevin King , Kevin Liu , Kevin Stone , Kevin Yu , Kristen Ying , Kristian Georgiev , Kristie Lim , Kushal Tirumala , Kyle Miller , Lama Ahmad , Larry Lv , Laura Clare , Laurance Fauconnet , Lauren Itow , Lauren Yang , Laurentia Romaniuk , Leah Anise , Lee Byron , Leher Pathak , Leon Maksin , Leyan Lo , Leyton Ho , Li Jing , Liang Wu , Liang Xiong , Lien Mamitsuka , Lin Yang , Lindsay McCallum , Lindsey Held , Liz Bourgeois , Logan Engstrom , Lorenz Kuhn , Louis Feuvrier , Lu Zhang , Lucas Switzer , Lukas Kondraciuk , Lukasz Kaiser , Manas Joglekar , Mandeep Singh , Mandip Shah , Manuka Stratta , Marcus Williams , Mark Chen , Mark Sun , Marselus Cayton , Martin Li , Marvin Zhang , Marwan Aljubeh , Matt Nichols , Matthew Haines , Max Schwarzer , Mayank Gupta , Meghan Shah , Melody Y. Guan , Melody Huang , Meng Dong , Mengqing Wang , Mia Glaese , Micah Carroll , Michael Lampe , Michael Malek , Michael Sharman , Michael Zhang , Michele Wang , Michelle Pokrass , Mihai Florian , Mikhail Pavlov , Miles Wang , Ming Chen , Mingxuan Wang , Minnia Feng , Mo Bavarian , Molly Lin , Moose Abdool , Mostafa Rohaninejad , Nacho Soto , Natalie Staudacher , Natan LaFontaine , Nathan Marwell , Nelson Liu , Nick Preston , Nick Turley , Nicklas Ansman , Nicole Blades , Nikil Pancha , Nikita Mikhaylin , Niko Felix , Nikunj Handa , Nishant Rai , Nitish Keskar , Noam Brown , Ofir Nachum , Oleg Boiko , Oleg Murk , Olivia Watkins , Oona Gleeson , Pamela Mishkin , Patryk Lesiewicz , Paul Baltescu , Pavel Belov , Peter Zhokhov , Philip Pronin , Phillip Guo , Phoebe Thacker , Qi Liu , Qiming Yuan , Qinghua Liu , Rachel Dias , Rachel Puckett , Rahul Arora , Ravi Teja Mullapudi , Raz Gaon , Reah Miyara , Rennie Song , Rishabh Aggarwal , RJ Marsan , Robel Yemiru , Robert Xiong , Rohan Kshirsagar , Rohan Nuttall , Roman Tsiupa , Ronen Eldan , Rose Wang , Roshan James , Roy Ziv , Rui Shu , Ruslan Nigmatullin , Saachi Jain , Saam Talaie , Sam Altman , Sam Arnesen , Sam Toizer , Sam Toyer , Samuel Miserendino , Sandhini Agarwal , Sarah Yoo , Savannah Heon , Scott Ethersmith , Sean Grove , Sean Taylor , Sebastien Bubeck , Sever Banesiu , Shaokyi Amdo , Shengjia Zhao , Sherwin Wu , Shibani Santurkar , Shiyu Zhao , Shraman Ray Chaudhuri , Shreyas Krishnaswamy , Shuaiqi , Xia , Shuyang Cheng , Shyamal Anadkat , Simón Posada Fishman , Simon Tobin , Siyuan Fu , Somay Jain , Song Mei , Sonya Egoian , Spencer Kim , Spug Golden , SQ Mah , Steph Lin , Stephen Imm , Steve Sharpe , Steve Yadlowsky , Sulman Choudhry , Sungwon Eum , Suvansh Sanjeev , Tabarak Khan , Tal Stramer , Tao Wang , Tao Xin , Tarun Gogineni , Taya Christianson , Ted Sanders , Tejal Patwardhan , Thomas Degry , Thomas Shadwell , Tianfu Fu , Tianshi Gao , Timur Garipov , Tina Sriskandarajah , Toki Sherbakov , Tomek Korbak , Tomer Kaftan , Tomo Hiratsuka , Tongzhou Wang , Tony Song , Tony Zhao , Troy Peterson , Val Kharitonov , Victoria Chernova , Vineet Kosaraju , Vishal Kuo , Vitchyr Pong , Vivek Verma , Vlad Petrov , Wanning Jiang , Weixing Zhang , Wenda Zhou , Wenlei Xie , Wenting Zhan , Wes McCabe , Will DePue , Will Ellsworth , Wulfie Bain , Wyatt Thompson , Xiangning Chen , Xiangyu Qi , Xin Xiang , Xinwei Shi , Yann Dubois , Yaodong Yu , Yara Khakbaz , Yifan Wu , Yilei Qian , Yin Tat Lee , Yinbo Chen , Yizhen Zhang , Yizhong Xiong , Yonglong Tian , Young Cha , Yu Bai , Yu Yang , Yuan Yuan , Yuanzhi Li , Yufeng Zhang , Yuguang Yang , Yujia Jin , Yun Jiang , Yunyun Wang , Yushi Wang , Yutian Liu , Zach Stubenvoll , Zehao Dou , Zheng Wu , Zhigang Wang

We introduce a modified incremental learning algorithm for evolving Granular Neural Network Classifiers (eGNN-C+). We use double-boundary hyper-boxes to represent granules, and customize the adaptation procedures to enhance the robustness…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-29 Daniel Leite , Alisson Silva , Gabriella Casalino , Arnab Sharma , Danielle Fortunato , Axel-Cyrille Ngomo

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of heart and blood vessel disorders that is one of the most serious dangers to human health, and the number of such patients is still growing. Early and accurate detection plays a key role in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Khiem H. Le , Hieu H. Pham , Thao BT. Nguyen , Tu A. Nguyen , Tien N. Thanh , Cuong D. Do

This report presents a study on the emotional dialogue capability of ChatGPT, an advanced language model developed by OpenAI. The study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT on emotional dialogue understanding and generation through a series…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Weixiang Zhao , Yanyan Zhao , Xin Lu , Shilong Wang , Yanpeng Tong , Bing Qin

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the critical need for efficient and accurate diagnostic tools. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are indispensable in diagnosing various heart conditions;…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-24 Lei Kang , Xuanshuo Fu , Javier Vazquez-Corral , Ernest Valveny , Dimosthenis Karatzas

ChatGPT, as a recently launched large language model (LLM), has shown superior performance in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, two major limitations hinder its potential applications: (1) the inflexibility of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Yucheng Shi , Hehuan Ma , Wenliang Zhong , Qiaoyu Tan , Gengchen Mai , Xiang Li , Tianming Liu , Junzhou Huang

Using smart wearable devices to monitor patients electrocardiogram (ECG) for real-time detection of arrhythmias can significantly improve healthcare outcomes. Convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning has been used successfully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Xiaolin Li , Rajesh Panicker , Barry Cardiff , Deepu John

The heart's electrical activity, recorded through Electrocardiography (ECG), is essential for diagnosing various cardiovascular conditions. However, many existing ECG segmentation models rely on complex, multi-layered architectures such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Muhammad Fathur Rohman Sidiq , Abdurrouf , Didik Rahadi Santoso

Large language models, pivotal in artificial intelligence, find diverse applications. ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer), an OpenAI creation, stands out as a widely adopted, powerful tool. It excels in chatbots, content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Walid Hariri