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Extensions of Kemeny's constant, as derived for irreducible finite Markov chains in discrete time, to Markov renewal processes and Markov chains in continuous time are discussed. Three alternative Kemeny's functions and their variants are…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-17 Jeffrey J Hunter

The mean time taken by an irreducible Markov chain on a finite state space to hit a target chosen at random according to the stationary distribution does not depend on the initial state of the chain. This mean time is known as Kemeny's…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-13 P. J. Fitzsimmons

Kemeny's constant is an invariant of discrete-time Markov chains, equal to the expected number of steps between two states sampled from the stationary distribution. It appears in applications as a concise characterization of the mixing…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-17 Karel Devriendt

For a partially specified stochastic matrix, we consider the problem of completing it so as to minimize Kemeny's constant. We prove that for any partially specified stochastic matrix for which the problem is well-defined, there is a…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-22 Stephen Kirkland

Given a unichain Markov reward process (MRP), we provide an explicit expression for the bias values in terms of mean first passage times. This result implies a generalization of known Markov chain perturbation bounds for the stationary…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-09 Ronald Ortner

Reversibility is a key property of Markov chains, central to algorithms such as Metropolis-Hastings and other MCMC methods. Yet many applications yield non-reversible chains, motivating the problem of approximating them by reversible ones…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Stefano Cipolla , Fabio Durastante , Miryam Gnazzo , Beatrice Meini

In a finite state irreducible Markov chain with stationary probabilities \pi_i and mean first passage times m_(ij) (mean recurrence time when i = j) it was first shown by Kemeny and Snell (1960) that \sum_j \pi_j m_(ij) is a constant K, not…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-18 Jeffrey J. Hunter

Given a stochastic matrix $P$ partitioned in four blocks $P_{ij}$, $i,j=1,2$, Kemeny's constant $\kappa(P)$ is expressed in terms of Kemeny's constants of the stochastic complements $P_1=P_{11}+P_{12}(I-P_{22})^{-1}P_{21}$, and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-16 Dario Andrea Bini , Fabio Durastante , Sooyeong Kim , Beatrice Meini

Questions are posed regarding the influence that the column sums of the transition probabilities of a stochastic matrix (with row sums all one) have on the stationary distribution, the mean first passage times and the Kemeny constant of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-05 Jeffrey J. Hunter

We present a new fundamental intuition for why the Kemeny feature of a Markov chain is a constant. This new perspective has interesting further implications

Probability · Mathematics 2015-11-04 Karl Gustafson , Jeffrey J. Hunter

Markov processes are widely used models for investigating kinetic networks. Here we collate and present a variety of results pertaining to kinetic network models, in a unified framework. The aim is to lay out explicit links between several…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-04-22 Adam Kells , Edina Rosta , Alessia Annibale

The basic question in perturbation analysis of Markov chains is: how do small changes in the transition kernels of Markov chains translate to chains in their stationary distributions? Many papers on the subject have shown, roughly, that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Na Lin , Yuanyuan Liu , Aaron Smith

For a random walk on a network, the mean first-passage time from a node $i$ to another node $j$ chosen stochastically according to the equilibrium distribution of Markov chain representing the random walk is called Kemeny constant, which is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-01-17 Zhongzhi Zhang , Yibin Sheng , Zhengyi Hu , Guanrong Chen

In their 1960 book on finite Markov chains, Kemeny and Snell established that a certain sum is invariant. The value of this sum has become known as {\it Kemeny's constant}. Various proofs have been given over time, some more technical than…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-06 Dario Bini , Jeffrey J. Hunter , Guy Latouche , Beatrice Meini , Peter G. Taylor

Computational procedures for the stationary probability distribution, the group inverse of the Markovian kernel and the mean first passage times of an irreducible Markov chain, are developed using perturbations. The derivation of these…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-10-12 Jeffrey J. Hunter

We study the performance of discrete-time consensus protocols in the presence of additive noise. When the consensus dynamic corresponds to a reversible Markov chain, we give an exact expression for a weighted version of steady-state…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-09 Ali Jadbabaie , Alex Olshevsky

Given an ergodic finite-state Markov chain, let M_{iw} denote the mean time from i to equilibrium, meaning the expected time, starting from i, to arrive at a state selected randomly according to the equilibrium measure w of the chain. John…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-09-16 Peter G. Doyle

We study irreducible time-homogenous Markov chains with finite state space in discrete time. We obtain results on the sensitivity of the stationary distribution and other statistical quantities with respect to perturbations of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Eilon Solan , Nicolas Vieille

The paper is devoted to studies of perturbed Markov chains commonly used for description of information networks. In such models, the matrix of transition probabilities for the corresponding Markov chain is usually regularised by adding a…

This paper presents a simple algorithm to check whether reachability probabilities in parametric Markov chains are monotonic in (some of) the parameters. The idea is to construct - only using the graph structure of the Markov chain and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Jip Spel , Sebastian Junges , Joost-Pieter Katoen
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