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Scalable multi-agent driving simulation requires behavior models that are both realistic and computationally efficient. We address this by optimizing the behavior model that controls individual traffic participants. To improve efficiency,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Fabian Konstantinidis , Moritz Sackmann , Ulrich Hofmann , Christoph Stiller

The simulation-based testing is essential for safely implementing autonomous vehicles (AV) on roads, necessitating simulated traffic environments that dynamically interact with the Vehicle Under Test (VUT). This study introduces a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yiru Liu , Xiaocong Zhao , Jian Sun

For conceptual design, engineers rely on conventional iterative (often manual) techniques. Emerging parametric models facilitate design space exploration based on quantifiable performance metrics, yet remain time-consuming and…

The generation of safety-critical scenarios in simulation has become increasingly crucial for safety evaluation in autonomous vehicles prior to road deployment in society. However, current approaches largely rely on predefined threat…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangfan Liu , Yongkang Guo , Fangzhi Zhong , Tianyuan Zhang , Zonglei Jing , Siyuan Liang , Jiakai Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu

Real-time, accurate prediction of human steering behaviors has wide applications, from developing intelligent traffic systems to deploying autonomous driving systems in both real and simulated worlds. In this paper, we present ContextVAE, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Pei Xu , Jean-Bernard Hayet , Ioannis Karamouzas

Simulation forms the backbone of modern self-driving development. Simulators help develop, test, and improve driving systems without putting humans, vehicles, or their environment at risk. However, simulators face a major challenge: They…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Shuhan Tan , Boris Ivanovic , Xinshuo Weng , Marco Pavone , Philipp Kraehenbuehl

Deep generative models such as conditional variational autoencoders (CVAEs) have shown great promise for predicting trajectories of surrounding agents in autonomous vehicle planning. State-of-the-art models have achieved remarkable accuracy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yongxi Cao , Julian F. Schumann , Jens Kober , Joni Pajarinen , Arkady Zgonnikov

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely used deep generative models capable of learning unsupervised latent representations of data. Such representations are often difficult to interpret or control. We consider the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Jack Klys , Jake Snell , Richard Zemel

Forecasting short-term motion of nearby vehicles presents an inherently challenging issue as the space of their possible future movements is not strictly limited to a set of single trajectories. Recently proposed techniques that demonstrate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Albert Dulian , John C. Murray

Graphic design is ubiquitous in people's daily lives. For graphic design, the most time-consuming task is laying out various components in the interface. Repetitive manual layout design will waste a lot of time for professional graphic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Mengxi Guo , Dangqing Huang , Xiaodong Xie

Recently, we developed a dynamic distributed end-to-end vehicle routing system (E2ECAV) using a network of intelligent intersections and level 5 CAVs (Djavadian & Farooq, 2018). The case study of the downtown Toronto Network showed that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Shadi Djavadian , Bilal Farooq , Rafael Vasquez , Grace Yip

Accurately quantifying uncertainty in predictions and projections arising from irreducible internal climate variability is critical for informed decision making. Such uncertainty is typically assessed using ensembles produced with physics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Parsa Gooya , Reinel Sospedra-Alfonso , Johannes Exenberger

Existing traffic simulation models often fall short in capturing the intricacies of real-world scenarios, particularly the interactive behaviors among multiple traffic participants, thereby limiting their utility in the evaluation and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhiyu Huang , Zixu Zhang , Ameya Vaidya , Yuxiao Chen , Chen Lv , Jaime Fernández Fisac

Deep generative models are stochastic neural networks capable of learning the distribution of data so as to generate new samples. Conditional Variational Autoencoder (CVAE) is a powerful deep generative model aiming at maximizing the lower…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Shima Kamyab , Rasool Sabzi , Zohreh Azimifar

Trajectory generation and prediction are two interwoven tasks that play important roles in planner evaluation and decision making for intelligent vehicles. Most existing methods focus on one of the two and are optimized to directly output…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Ruochen Jiao , Xiangguo Liu , Bowen Zheng , Dave Liang , Qi Zhu

Making roads safer by avoiding road collisions is one of the main reasons for inventing Autonomous vehicles (AVs). In this context, designing agent-based collision avoidance components of AVs which truly represent human cognition and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Faisal Riaz , Muaz A. Niazi

Time series sequence prediction and modelling has proven to be a challenging endeavor in real world datasets. Two key issues are the multi-dimensionality of data and the interaction of independent dimensions forming a latent output signal,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Jakob Aungiers

The validation of autonomous driving systems benefits greatly from the ability to generate scenarios that are both realistic and precisely controllable. Conventional approaches, such as real-world test drives, are not only expensive but…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yizhuo Xiao , Mustafa Suphi Erden , Cheng Wang

Generating safety-critical scenarios in high-fidelity simulations offers a promising and cost-effective approach for efficient testing of autonomous vehicles. Existing methods typically rely on manipulating a single vehicle's trajectory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Jiawei Wang , Xintao Yan , Yao Mu , Haowei Sun , Zhong Cao , Henry X. Liu

This paper presents an emotion-regularized conditional variational autoencoder (Emo-CVAE) model for generating emotional conversation responses. In conventional CVAE-based emotional response generation, emotion labels are simply used as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Yu-Ping Ruan , Zhen-Hua Ling