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Annotated data plays a critical role in Natural Language Processing (NLP) in training models and evaluating their performance. Given recent developments in Large Language Models (LLMs), models such as ChatGPT demonstrate zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Minzhi Li , Taiwei Shi , Caleb Ziems , Min-Yen Kan , Nancy F. Chen , Zhengyuan Liu , Diyi Yang

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) enables flexible and interpretable automatic evaluations. In the field of machine translation evaluation, utilizing LLMs with translation error annotations based on Multidimensional Quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shijie Zhang , Renhao Li , Songsheng Wang , Philipp Koehn , Min Yang , Derek F. Wong

Evaluating production-level retrieval systems at scale is a crucial yet challenging task due to the limited availability of a large pool of well-trained human annotators. Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to address this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Kasra Hosseini , Thomas Kober , Josip Krapac , Roland Vollgraf , Weiwei Cheng , Ana Peleteiro Ramallo

Pairwise preferences over model responses are widely collected to evaluate and provide feedback to large language models (LLMs). Given two alternative model responses to the same input, a human or AI annotator selects the "better" response.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Arduin Findeis , Floris Weers , Guoli Yin , Ke Ye , Ruoming Pang , Tom Gunter

Human annotations are an important source of information in the development of natural language understanding approaches. As under the pressure of productivity annotators can assign different labels to a given text, the quality of produced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Kristian Miok , Gregor Pirs , Marko Robnik-Sikonja

Human data annotation, especially when involving experts, is often treated as an objective reference. However, many annotation tasks are inherently subjective, and annotators' judgments may evolve over time. This study investigates changes…

State-of-the-art machine translation models are still not on par with human translators. Previous work takes human interactions into the neural machine translation process to obtain improved results in target languages. However, not all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Rongxiang Weng , Hao Zhou , Shujian Huang , Lei Li , Yifan Xia , Jiajun Chen

It is expensive to evaluate the results of Machine Translation(MT), which usually requires manual translation as a reference. Machine Translation Quality Estimation (QE) is a task of predicting the quality of machine translations without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Lei Lin

Machine translation is a natural candidate problem for reinforcement learning from human feedback: users provide quick, dirty ratings on candidate translations to guide a system to improve. Yet, current neural machine translation training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Khanh Nguyen , Hal Daumé , Jordan Boyd-Graber

As people increasingly use AI systems in work and daily life, feedback mechanisms that help them use AI responsibly are urgently needed, particularly in settings where users are not equipped to assess the quality of AI predictions. We study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Dayeon Ki , Kevin Duh , Marine Carpuat

As generative AI models such as large language models (LLMs) become more pervasive, ensuring the safety, robustness, and overall trustworthiness of these systems is paramount. However, AI is currently facing a reproducibility crisis driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Deepak Pandita , Flip Korn , Chris Welty , Christopher M. Homan

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a recent technique to improve the quality of the text generated by a language model, making it closer to what humans would generate. A core ingredient in RLHF's success in aligning and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Miguel Moura Ramos , Patrick Fernandes , António Farinhas , André F. T. Martins

Large language models (LLMs) can label data faster and cheaper than humans for various NLP tasks. Despite their prowess, LLMs may fall short in understanding of complex, sociocultural, or domain-specific context, potentially leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Hannah Kim , Kushan Mitra , Rafael Li Chen , Sajjadur Rahman , Dan Zhang

Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) parsing has experienced a notable growth in performance in the last two years, due both to the impact of transfer learning and the development of novel architectures specific to AMR. At the same time,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Young-Suk Lee , Ramon Fernandez Astudillo , Tahira Naseem , Revanth Gangi Reddy , Radu Florian , Salim Roukos

Annotated data is an essential ingredient in natural language processing for training and evaluating machine learning models. It is therefore very desirable for the annotations to be of high quality. Recent work, however, has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Jan-Christoph Klie , Bonnie Webber , Iryna Gurevych

In this paper, we present our submission to the sentence-level MQM benchmark at Quality Estimation Shared Task, named UniTE (Unified Translation Evaluation). Specifically, our systems employ the framework of UniTE, which combined three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Keqin Bao , Yu Wan , Dayiheng Liu , Baosong Yang , Wenqiang Lei , Xiangnan He , Derek F. Wong , Jun Xie

This paper introduces an advanced methodology for machine translation (MT) corpus generation, integrating semi-automated, human-in-the-loop post-editing with large language models (LLMs) to enhance efficiency and translation quality.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Kamer Ali Yuksel , Ahmet Gunduz , Abdul Baseet Anees , Hassan Sawaf

Current Machine Translation (MT) systems achieve very good results on a growing variety of language pairs and datasets. However, they are known to produce fluent translation outputs that can contain important meaning errors, thus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Diptesh Kanojia , Marina Fomicheva , Tharindu Ranasinghe , Frédéric Blain , Constantin Orăsan , Lucia Specia

Manual evaluation is essential to judge progress on automatic text summarization. However, we conduct a survey on recent summarization system papers that reveals little agreement on how to perform such evaluation studies. We conduct two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Julius Steen , Katja Markert

Content annotation at scale remains challenging, requiring substantial human expertise and effort. This paper presents a case study in code documentation analysis, where we explore the balance between automation efficiency and annotation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Mingyue Yuan , Jieshan Chen , Zhenchang Xing , Gelareh Mohammadi , Aaron Quigley